hurler French · revision 16681

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1385, Eustache Deschamps, Miroir de mariage|origins=la ululō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /yʁ.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hurler'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''uller'', ''usler'' (about 1160–75), ''huller'', ''urler'' (1501), ''hurler'' (Palsgrave, 1530); Féraud (1768) still gives ''heurler'' as a variant.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ The ⟨h⟩ is aspirated: ''je hurle'', ''le hurlement''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It continues [[inh|la-lat|ūrulō|alt=ūrulāre|t=to howl]],^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|14, 14a) a dissimilated form of classical [[m|la|ululō|t=to howl; to wail]], itself of onomatopoeic origin.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The TLFi suggests that the stressed vowel was changed to /u/ to keep the imitative character of the word.^(TLFi) The classical form gave Old French [[m|fro|uller]] and [[m|fro|usler]] (with a purely graphic ⟨s⟩); the ⟨h⟩ is expressive,^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) or comes from [[huer]] according to Bloch and Wartburg, or from Frankish [[m|frk|*hūwilōn]], compare [[en|howl]], according to Wiktionary.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) The learned [[hululer]] is its doublet.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|urla]], [[it|urlare]], [[oc|orlar]], [[es|aullar]] and [[pt|urrar]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Eustache Deschamps's ''Miroir de mariage'' (about 1385) has the phrase ''Il faut hurler avec les leux'' “one must howl with the wolves”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb keeps the Latin sense “to utter prolonged cries”, of animals and people, ''hurler avec les loups'' means “to do as those around one do”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) From the mid-16th century it is transitive, “to shout very loudly”, and, from the mid-17th century intransitive for speaking or singing at the top of one's voice.^(DHLF 1992) Sacy (1672) uses it of the storm, and in modern French a siren or the wind can ''hurler''.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) From 1778 (Voltaire) it is said of things so ill-matched that they clash, ''à hurler'' means “outrageous”, and ''hurler de rire'' “to roar with laughter” is recent.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1160–75 – ''Uller'', ''usler'', Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1385 – ''Hurler avec les leux'', Eustache Deschamps.^(TLFi)

+ * 1501 – ''Urler''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1530 – ''Hurler'', Palsgrave.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * Mid-16th century – Transitive “to shout”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1672 – Of the storm, Sacy.^(BHVF)

+ * 1778 – Of clashing things, Voltaire.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # Of an animal, to [[m|en|howl]]: ''chien qui hurle à la mort'', ''hurler avec les loups'', to follow the crowd.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a person, to [[m|en|scream]], yell: ''hurler de douleur'', ''hurler de rire'', to roar with laughter.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To shout, bawl (words, a song).^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of the wind, a siren, to howl, wail.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+ # Of colours or things that are ill-matched, to clash, jar.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hurlement]]

+ * [[hurleur]]

+ * [[hurlant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hululer]]

+ * [[hulotte]]

+ * [[huer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}