expérience French · revision 16649

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1265, Brunetto Latini, Trésor|origins=la experior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛk.spe.ʁjɑ̃s/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expérience''' ''f'' (plural expériences)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|experientia|t=trial, test, attempt; experience, practice]], from [[m|la|experior|t=to try, test]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 309a)^(Wiktionary) That verb is formed with [[m|la|ex-]] and the root of [[m|la|perītus|t=experienced, skilled]], the past participle of an unattested simple verb, Rey connects it with [[grc|πεῖρα|tr=peîra|t=trial, attempt]] and the Indo-European root of [[péril]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) It is related to [[expert]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Compare [[oc|experientia]], [[es|experiencia]] and [[it|esperienza]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Brunetto Latini's ''Trésor'' (about 1260–65) uses it for knowledge acquired by practice: ''li covient experience et lonc tans'' “it requires experience and a long time”.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''Roman de la Rose'' and Oresme use it in the same sense, the knowledge gained from things lived through.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989) It took up the Latin sense of a test, an attempt to bring about a phenomenon in order to study it, in Henri de Mondeville (1314); Pascal (1663) uses it for a scientific experiment.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) The philosophical sense is in Montaigne (1580).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) From the 17th to the 19th century the scientific concept of ''expérience'' was set against that of observation, and its derivatives (''expérimentation'', ''expérimental'') grew in importance after 1830.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1265 – “Knowledge from practice”, Brunetto Latini.^(TLFi)

+ * 1314 – A test, trial, Henri de Mondeville.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1452 – ''Inexpérience''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1580 – In philosophy, Montaigne.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1663 – A scientific experiment, Pascal.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|experience]], knowledge gained from practice: ''avoir de l'expérience'', ''par expérience''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An experience, something lived through: ''une expérience inoubliable'', ''faire l'expérience de''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An [[m|en|experiment]], a test: ''une expérience de chimie'', ''faire une expérience''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An attempt, trial: ''tenter l'expérience''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inexpérience]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[expérimenté]]

+ * [[expertise]]

+ * [[expérimenter]]

+ * [[expérimental]]

+ * [[expert]]

+ * [[empirique]]

+ * [[la|experientia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}