danger French · revision 16639

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1160, Eneas (dangier)|origins=la dominus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dɑ̃.ʒe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''danger''' ''m'' (plural dangers)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''dangier'' and the older ''dongier''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|dangier]], [[inh|la-vul|*dominiārium|t=power, dominion]], also [[m|la-vul|*domnārium]], from [[la|dominus|t=lord, master]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 128a)^(Wiktionary) In northern Gaul the word was used for [[m|la|dominium|t=ownership]], whence “domination, power, right”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The ⟨a⟩ of the Old French word, beside [[m|fro|dongier]], is probably due to the influence of [[dam]] “harm”, Latin [[m|la|damnum]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Littré rejected the derivation from the Latin word for harm alone, which explains neither the sense nor the ⟨o⟩ of the older form.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Eneas'' (1160) has ''estre en dangier d'aucun'' “to be in someone's power, at his mercy”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old French it was power, dominion (''Desor tous autres rois auriez le dangier''), and also refusal, difficulty or reluctance: Chrétien de Troyes (1170) has ''sans dangier'' “without stint”.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The AND records the same range in Anglo-Norman, from authority to hindrance and risk.^(AND)

+

+ The modern sense “peril” (1340) probably came from ''estre en dangier de'', which passed from “in the power of” to “fearing the action of”; it drove out the other senses in the 16th century, leaving traces in the dialects.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The familiar ''(il n'y a) pas de danger'' “no fear of that” is quoted from Zola (1883).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) [[en|dangerous]] comes from the French adjective.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1160 – ''Estre en dangier d'aucun'', ''Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1170 – ''Sans dangier'', Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * Early 13th century – ''Dangereux''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1340 – ''Estre en dangier'' “to be in peril”.^(TLFi)

+ * 16th century – The old senses die out.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1883 – ''Pas de danger'', Zola.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|danger]], peril: ''être en danger'', ''hors de danger'', ''danger de mort''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A threat, risk: ''courir un danger'', ''les dangers de la route''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Danger public'': a public menace (of a person).^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Pas de danger !'': no fear of that!, not likely!^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dangereux]]

+ * [[dangereusement]]

+ * [[dangerosité]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dam]]

+ * [[dominer]]

+ * [[la|dominus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}