combat French · revision 16636
18 Oct 2026, 10:10 by bogdan “French fr10k batch fr75l/b03: but, est, hiver, condition, suivant, société, soulever, nécessaire, combat, merveilleux” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1538, Robert Estienne|origins=la battuō}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /kɔ̃.ba/^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''combat''' ''m'' (plural combats)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is a deverbal noun from [[combattre]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) That verb is [[la-vul|*combattō|alt=*combattere]], from [[la-lat|combattuō]], formed on [[la|battuō|t=to beat]] (see [[battre]]).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The AND records the noun in Anglo-Norman, for judicial combat, in the late 13th century.^(AND)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Robert Estienne's Latin–French dictionary (1538) gives it for Latin ''certamen'', the act of fighting an opponent, and figuratively for a verbal contest.^(TLFi)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Rabelais has ''en ordre de combat'' (1549) and, figuratively, the ''plaisant combat'' of the winds (1564).^(TLFi) Estienne (1549) uses it for the public games in which champions fought for a prize, and Montaigne speaks of ''le combat de taureaux''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) ''Hors de combat'' is the state of someone unable to go on fighting; the plural ''combats'' names military action, and modern compounds include ''avion de combat'' and ''char de combat''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1538 – “Fight” and “verbal contest”, Robert Estienne.^(TLFi)
+ * 1549 – ''En ordre de combat'', Rabelais.^(TLFi)
+ * 1564 – The struggle of natural forces, Rabelais.^(TLFi)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A fight, [[m|en|combat]]; a battle or part of one: ''combat naval, aérien'', ''engager le combat''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''Hors de combat'': out of action.^(GLLF 1989)
+ # A contest between fighters or animals: ''combat de boxe'', ''combat de coqs''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)
+ # ''(figurative)'' A [[m|en|struggle]]: ''le combat contre la maladie'', ''le combat des idées''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[combatif]]
+ * [[combativité]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[combattre]]
+ * [[combattant]]
+ * [[battre]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}