toit French · revision 16630

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1160–1174, Wace, Roman de Rou (teit)|origins=la tegō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /twa/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''toit''' ''m'' (plural toits)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''teit'' (about 1155); ''toit'' from 1188, ''tect'' in the 16th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|teit]], [[inh|la|tēctum|t=roof; shelter, house]], the neuter past participle of [[m|la|tegō|t=to cover, protect]] used as a noun.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|13/1, 150a)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb belongs to the Indo-European root [[ine-pro|*(s)teg-|t=to cover]], also seen in [[m|la|toga]], [[m|la|tēgula|t=tile]] and [[grc|στέγω|tr=stégō|t=to cover]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) It did not pass into French itself, but its compounds did (see [[protéger]]).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|tetto]], [[oc|tech]], [[es|techo]] and [[pt|teto]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Wace (about 1160–1174) uses ''teit'' for a cowshed or stable; a ''porc en toit'' is a pig in its sty in the early 14th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Chrétien de Troyes (1175) has it for the covering of a building, now its main sense.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The idea of shelter gave “dwelling, home” (''l'uis de son toit'', 1180), whence ''sous le même toit'' (1690) and ''sans toit'' “homeless” (1840).^(TLFi) ''Prêcher sur les toits'' (Marguerite de Navarre, before 1549), later ''crier sur les toits'' (1772, Voltaire), comes from biblical language.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ By likeness it is the roof of a gallery in real tennis (1680), the rock above a vein in a mine (1765), the top of a vehicle (1843, ''toit ouvrant'', 1931), and in mountaineering an overhang (1954); ''le toit du monde'' is first a figure for altitude (1887).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) Bloch and Wartburg note that in many Gallo-Romance dialects the word competes with ''couvert'' and ''couverture'', and in the south with derivatives of ''tuile''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1160–1174 – ''Teit'' “stable”, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1175 – Roof of a building, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1180 – “Home”.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1549 – ''Prêcher sur les toits'', Marguerite de Navarre.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1594 – The derivative ''toiture''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1772 – ''Crier sur les toits'', Voltaire.^(TLFi)

+ * 1843 – The roof of a carriage, Gautier.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|roof]]: ''un toit de tuiles, d'ardoises'', ''un toit en pente''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Sous les toits'': in an attic room at the top of a house.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A home, house: ''vivre sous le même toit'', ''être sans toit''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # The top or upper covering of something: ''le toit d'une voiture'', ''toit ouvrant'', ''le toit du monde'', the highest region (the Himalayas, Tibet).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(mountaineering)'' An [[m|en|overhang]].^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Crier quelque chose sur les toits'': to shout from the rooftops.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[toiture]]

+ * [[avant-toit]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tuile]]

+ * [[protéger]]

+ * [[la|tēctum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}