chapeau French · revision 16624

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1130, Pèlerinage de Charlemagne (chapel)|origins=la-lat cappa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃa.po/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chapeau''' ''m'' (plural chapeaux)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''chapel'' (about 1130), nominative ''chapels'', ''chapeaus'', ''chapeau'' from the first quarter of the 13th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|chapel]], [[inh|la-lat|cappellus|t=headdress]], recorded before 833, a diminutive of [[m|la-lat|cappa|t=hood, cape]] (see [[chape]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 287b) Medieval Latin “capellus” also meant a lid in the 13th century.^(TLFi)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|cappello]], [[oc|capèl]] and [[ca|capell]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935) It is the source of [[en|chapeau]] (1520s).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Pèlerinage de Charlemagne'' (about 1130) has ''chapel'' for a headdress worn by men and women.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the Middle Ages and until the early 16th century it also meant a wreath of flowers, as in ''chapeaus de roses''; its diminutive [[chapelet]], first a little wreath, came to mean a rosary.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) The cardinal's red hat is named in 1288, and ''le chapeau'' meant the cardinal's dignity in 1561.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Marks of respect gave ''ôter son chapeau'' (1585) and ''chapeau bas'' (1694), whence the exclamation ''chapeau !'' “hats off!”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the 19th century the hat marked the bourgeoisie, as against the cap.^(DHLF 1992) Slang has ''porter le chapeau'' “to take the blame” (1928) and ''travailler du chapeau'' “to be crazy” (1935); ''sur les chapeaux de roues'' “at top speed” dates from 1928.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) By likeness of shape it named the cap of a mushroom (1809) and the introductory lines of an article (1907).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1130 – ''Chapel'', ''Pèlerinage de Charlemagne''.^(TLFi)

+ * first quarter of the 13th century – ''Chapeau''; a wreath of flowers.^(TLFi)

+ * 1288 – The cardinal's hat.^(TLFi)

+ * 1585 – ''Oster son chapeau''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – ''Chapeau bas''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1809 – The cap of a mushroom.^(TLFi)

+ * 1928 – ''Porter le chapeau''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hat]]: ''chapeau de paille'', ''chapeau melon'', ''ôter son chapeau''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Chapeau !'': hats off!, well done!^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Porter le chapeau'': to take the blame, ''tirer son chapeau à qqn'', to take one's hat off to someone.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The cap of a [[m|en|mushroom]].^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An introductory paragraph above an article.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Sur les chapeaux de roues'': at top speed.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chapelier]]

+ * [[chapellerie]]

+ * [[chapelet]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chape]]

+ * [[cape]]

+ * [[la|cappa]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}