officier French · revision 16617

+ {{homograph|1|officiate}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1286–1290, Jean Priorat|origins=la officium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɔ.fi.sje/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''officier'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb is [[bor|la-med|officiō|alt=officiare|t=to perform one's office; to celebrate divine service]], from [[la|officium|t=duty, office]] (see [[office]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Jean Priorat's ''Abrejance de l'ordre de chevalerie'' (1286–1290) uses it for carrying out one's office.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Bonaventure des Périers (1558) has it for celebrating a religious service: ''Monsieur le curé, je ne sais pas où vous avez apprins à officier''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) Richelet (1680) records the jocular ''bien officier'' “to eat and drink heartily”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the 19th century it came to mean to act with ceremony (1868), and recently to carry out a somewhat complicated operation with playful solemnity.^(DHLF 1992) The participle [[officiant]] became a noun for the celebrant in 1671.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1286–1290 – To carry out one's office, Jean Priorat.^(TLFi)

+ * 1558 – To celebrate a service, Des Périers.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – ''Officiant'', the celebrant.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1680 – ''Bien officier'' “to eat and drink well”, Richelet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1868 – To act with ceremony.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|officiate]], celebrate a religious service: ''l'évêque officiait''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative, humorous)'' To act with ceremony, go about something solemnly.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[officiant]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|officer}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1324|origins=la officium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɔ.fi.sje/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''officier''' ''m'' (plural officiers, feminine officière)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The officer is [[bor|la-med|officiārius|t=holder of an office]], a derivative of [[la|officium|t=duty, office]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) The Medieval Latin word was used for a domestic servant or a steward (1098) and a court usher (1075).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is recorded in 1324 for the holder of an office or charge, Anglo-Norman ''officer'' is found in 1292 for a royal or ecclesiastical official.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(AND)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Many titles followed: ''officier de justice'' (late 14th century), ''officier d'armes'' “herald” (1470), ''officier de santé'' (1680), later a medical practitioner without a doctorate (until 1892), ''officier municipal'' (1790) and ''officier de l'état civil'' (1804).^(DHLF 1992) The word also named a household servant in charge of the table.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ The modern military sense started in the navy, for a sailor holding a rank of command (1529); in the army the title at first applied only to high ranks, and ''bas officiers'' for sergeants and corporals appear in 1690, later ''sous-officier'' (1771).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) From 1704 it is also a grade in an honorary order, such as the Légion d'honneur.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1324 – The holder of an office.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1529 – A naval officer.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1680 – ''Officier de santé''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – ''Bas officiers''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1704 – A grade in an honorary order.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1771 – ''Sous-officier''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|officer]] in the army, navy or air force: ''officier de marine'', ''officiers supérieurs''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A police officer: ''officier de police judiciaire''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # The holder of a public office: ''officier ministériel'', ''officier de l'état civil'', ''(historical)'' holder of an office under the old monarchy.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A grade in an honorary order: ''officier de la Légion d'honneur''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sous-officier]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[office]]

+ * [[la|officium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}