côte French · revision 16616

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1160, Roman d'Eneas (coste)|origins=la costa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kot/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''côte''' ''f'' (plural côtes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''coste''; the Académie wrote ''coste'' in 1694 and 1718, ''côte'' from 1740, the circumflex marking the lost ⟨s⟩.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|coste]], [[inh|la|costa|t=rib; side, flank; ridge]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 1245a) The senses “slope of a hill” and “seashore” are found in Romanian, Italian, Catalan, Spanish and Portuguese too, so they must already have existed in Latin though they are not recorded there, Rey compares the metaphor in [[flanc]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) The origin of “costa” is unknown; [[cu|кость|tr=kostĭ|t=bone]], related to [[la|os|t=bone]], has been compared.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|coastă]], [[it|costa]], [[oc|còsta]], [[ca|costa]], [[es|cuesta]] and [[pt|costa]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Old French “coste” “shore” gave [[en|coast]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Roman d'Eneas'' (about 1160) uses ''coste'' for a rib.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Wace (1160–1170) uses it for the right or left side of the body, a sense now gone except in ''côte à côte'' “side by side” (1160–1185).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The slope of a hill is recorded from the 12th century, especially a slope planted with vines and its wine, as in ''côtes-du-rhône''; the seashore sense was likewise taken from late Latin, giving ''Côte d'Azur'' and nautical ''faire côte'' “to run aground”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ After Latin it named the ridges of plants, as in ''costes de laitues'' (about 1256), later the sections of a melon (1660), and in architecture the fillets between flutes (1676).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) In butchery a ''côte de bœuf'' is a rib of beef.^(DHLF 1992) ''Se tenir les côtes'' “to split one's sides laughing” and ''avoir les côtes en long'' “to be lazy” (1867) are familiar phrases.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1160 – ''Coste'', a rib, ''Roman d'Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160–1170 – The side of the body, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160–1185 – ''Coste a coste''; the slope of a hill.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1256 – ''Costes de laitues''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1676 – A fillet in architecture, Félibien.^(TLFi)

+ * 1867 – ''Avoir les côtes en long''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|rib]]: ''se casser une côte'', ''côtes flottantes'', ''on lui voit les côtes'', he is skin and bone.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A rib of meat: ''côte de bœuf'', ''côte de porc''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A ridge, a rib on a fruit, leaf or fabric: ''côtes de melon'', ''velours à côtes''.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+ # A [[m|en|slope]], a hill: ''monter la côte'', ''démarrage en côte''; a vine-covered slope and its wine: ''côtes-du-rhône''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # The [[m|en|coast]], the seashore: ''la Côte d'Azur'', ''une côte rocheuse''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Côte à côte'': side by side.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[côtier]]

+ * [[entrecôte]]

+ * [[coteau]]

+ * [[côtelé]]

+ * [[côtelette]]

+ * [[côtoyer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[accoster]]

+ * [[intercostal]]

+ * [[côté]]

+ * [[costaud]]

+ * [[la|costa]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}