jaune French · revision 16606

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (jalne)|origins=la galbus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʒon/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (France, Southern): /ʒɔn/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: [ˈʒɔ.nə]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec, formal): [ʒou̯n]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''jaune''' (plural jaunes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''jalne'' (1080), ''jaune'' (12th century).^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|jalne]], [[inh|la|galbinus|t=pale green, yellowish]], from [[m|la|galbus|t=yellow, greenish yellow]], a word of unknown origin.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|4, 24a) “Galbinus”, which rendered [[grc|χλωρός|tr=khlōrós]], replaced the main Latin words for yellow, [[la|flāvus|t=bright yellow]] and [[m|la|fulvus|t=tawny]], in the Latin of Gaul.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Outside northern France it survives only in [[ro|galben]]; [[it|giallo]] and [[es|jalde]] were borrowed from Old French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) describes a horse with a white tail and a ''crignete jalne'', a yellow mane.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By about 1165 it was used of the sallow, parchment-like complexion that shows fatigue or illness.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Fixed phrases include ''fièvre jaune'' (1814), ''le métal jaune'' “gold” (Balzac, 1834) and, in the racial classifications of the time, ''race jaune'' (1840), with the racist ''péril jaune''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Medieval symbolism made yellow the colour of infamy and of the cuckold (d'Aubigné, 1617, Hugo, 1832).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Rire jaune'' “to give a forced laugh” is in Saint-Simon (1740–55), and, from 1899–1901 a ''jaune'' was a strikebreaker, from the ''syndicats jaunes''.^(TLFi) ''Jaune d'œuf'' “yolk” is in Robert Estienne (1538).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Jalne'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – Of a sallow complexion.^(TLFi)

+ * 1538 – ''Jaune d'œuf''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1740–55 – ''Rire jaune'', Saint-Simon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1814 – ''Fièvre jaune''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1899 – ''Jaune'' “strikebreaker”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|yellow]]: ''une robe jaune'', ''le maillot jaune''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Sallow (of the complexion).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Fièvre jaune'': [[m|en|yellow fever]].^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Yellow (the colour).^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Jaune d'œuf'': egg [[m|en|yolk]].^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # A [[m|en|strikebreaker]], scab.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(familiar)'' [[m|en|pastis]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''Rire jaune'': to give a forced laugh.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[jaunâtre]]

+ * [[jaunet]]

+ * [[jaunir]]

+ * [[jaunisse]]

+ * [[jaunasse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}