bouteille French · revision 16605

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1160, Roman de Tristan (botele)|origins=la-lat buttis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bu.tɛj/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bouteille''' ''f'' (plural bouteilles)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''botele'' (1160–70), ''boteille''; masculine ''botel'', ''boutiaus''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|boteille]], [[inh|la-vul|*butticula]] (“buticula”, attested in the Carolingian period), a diminutive of [[la-lat|buttis|t=cask, wineskin]] (6th century), see [[botte]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|1, 660a) The origin of “buttis” is doubtful; it may be borrowed from [[grc|βοῦττις|tr=boûttis|t=truncated cone-shaped vessel]], itself perhaps a loanword.^(DHLF 1992) Pierre Guiraud linked it to a Romance root “*boutt-” for a swelling.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ The sense “glass vessel” seems to have arisen in northern Gaul (in the 8th–9th centuries “buticula” is glossed “flasca”) and spread south, where people used jugs and wineskins: [[pro|botelha]] meant both, and [[es|botija]] is a jug.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) [[it|bottiglia]], [[es|botella]] and [[en|bottle]] come from French.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Thomas's ''Tristan'' (about 1160) has ''botele'' for a vessel with a narrow neck for liquids.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The bottle was made of leather or metal as well as glass in the Middle Ages: inventories of the 14th century list ''bouteilles de cuir'' and ''d'argent''.^(Littré 1873) In the 16th century the word also meant a bubble (Robert Estienne, 1538, Amyot), a sense still in the Académie of 1694.^(BHVF)^(GLLF 1989) ''Aimer la bouteille'' “to like a drink” goes back to the 17th century, and ''avoir de la bouteille'' “to have experience”, like a wine that has aged, is familiar.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary) [[embouteiller]] “to bottle” took its figurative sense “to jam (traffic)” in the late 19th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1160 – ''Botele'', Thomas's ''Tristan''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 12th century – The derivative ''bouteiller'' “cupbearer”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1538 – “Bubble”, Robert Estienne.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1864 – ''Embouteiller'', ''embouteillage''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|bottle]]: ''une bouteille de vin'', ''mettre en bouteille'', ''bière en bouteille''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A bottle's contents: ''boire une bouteille''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Drink, alcohol: ''aimer la bouteille''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Avoir de la bouteille'': to have experience, (of wine) to have aged.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A cylinder (of gas): ''bouteille de gaz'', ''bouteille d'oxygène''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bouteiller]]

+ * [[embouteiller]]

+ * [[embouteillage]]

+ * [[ouvre-bouteille]]

+ * [[demi-bouteille]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[botte]]

+ * [[en|bottle]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}