diriger French · revision 16603

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1381, Le Grand Schisme|origins=la regō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /di.ʁi.ʒe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''diriger'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|dīrigō|t=to put in line; to direct; to arrange, regulate]], made a first-conjugation verb, from [[m|la|dis-]] and [[m|la|regō|t=to guide, rule]] (see [[régir]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|3, 91a) The inherited outcome of the same Latin verb is [[droit]].^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A text on the Great Schism (1381) uses it figuratively for making something go in a certain direction.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Jean de Vignay's translation, printed in 1495, uses it for conducting something according to rules, and the GLLF dates the sense “to run, be in charge of” from the same text.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Pascal's ''Provinciales'' (1656) mocked the casuists' ''diriger l'intention'', and Furetière (1690) has ''diriger la conscience'' and ''les études''.^(TLFi)

+

+ The participle [[dirigeant]] (1835) became a noun for a leader (Vallès, 1881); [[dirigeable]] (1789) named the airship, and ''dirigisme'' (about 1930) state economic control.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1381 – To direct (figuratively).^(TLFi)

+ * 1495 – To conduct according to rules, Vignay.^(TLFi)

+ * 1656 – ''Diriger l'intention'', Pascal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Diriger la conscience'', Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1789 – ''Dirigeable''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|run]], manage, head: ''diriger une entreprise'', ''diriger un pays''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To supervise, direct: ''diriger des travaux'', ''diriger une thèse''; to conduct (an orchestra); to direct (a film).^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To steer (a vehicle).^(Wiktionary)

+ # To aim, point, turn: ''diriger son regard vers'', ''diriger une arme sur''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Se diriger vers'': to head for, make for.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dirigeant]]

+ * [[dirigeable]]

+ * [[dirigisme]]

+ * [[dirigiste]]

+ * [[codiriger]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[direct]]

+ * [[directeur]]

+ * [[direction]]

+ * [[directionnel]]

+ * [[directive]]

+ * [[droit]]

+ * [[régir]]

+ * [[la|dīrigō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}