parti French · revision 16602

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1200, Jean Bodel, Jeu de saint Nicolas|origins=la pars}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /paʁ.ti/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''parti''' ''m'' (plural partis)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle, used as a noun, of the old verb [[partir]] “to share, divide”, as in “avoir maille à partir”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) “Partir” is from [[la|partior|t=to share, divide]], from [[m|la|pars|t=part]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Compare [[it|partito]] and [[es|partido]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Jean Bodel's ''Jeu de saint Nicolas'' (about 1200) has ''parti'' for a money of account worth half a ''maille''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the late 13th century a ''parti'' was a portion, a sense later left to the feminine [[partie]]; from about 1375 (Froissart) it meant a situation or state, as in ''faire un mauvais parti à qqn'' (1639).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Commynes (late 15th century) uses it for an advantageous offer, especially of marriage (1580), whence ''un bon parti'' “a good match” (1538); ''tirer parti de'' “to make use of” is in Montesquieu (1734).^(TLFi)

+

+ The idea of a decision gave ''prendre un parti'' (Froissart), ''prendre parti'' (late 15th century), ''prendre son parti'' “to resign oneself” (Molière, 1664) and ''parti pris'' “bias” (1798).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From 1415 a ''parti'' was a group of people united against others by their opinions, and, from 1619 a political party; the modern sense grew with parliaments and elections in the 19th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1200 – A money of account, Jean Bodel.^(TLFi)

+ * late 13th century – A portion.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1375 – A situation, ''prendre un parti'', Froissart.^(TLFi)

+ * 1415 – A faction.^(TLFi)

+ * 1538 – A good match (in marriage).^(TLFi)

+ * 1619 – A political party.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1798 – ''Parti pris''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A (political) [[m|en|party]]: ''parti politique'', ''parti de gauche'', ''le parti au pouvoir''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A side, camp: ''prendre parti pour'', to side with, ''esprit de parti''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ # A course of action, decision: ''prendre le parti de'', ''prendre son parti de'', to resign oneself to, ''parti pris'', bias.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Tirer parti de'': to make the most of.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Un bon parti'': a good match (for marriage).^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Faire un mauvais parti à qqn'': to treat someone roughly.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[partir]]

+ * [[partie]]

+ * [[part]]

+ * [[partisan]]

+ * [[la|partior]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The adjective ''parti'' (past participle of ''partir'' “to leave”) means familiarly “tipsy” or “asleep” (1830); in heraldry ''parti'' describes a shield divided vertically in two (Richelet, 1680).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(BHVF)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}