professeur French · revision 16591

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1337 (proffesseur)|origins=la profiteor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pʁɔ.fɛ.sœʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /pʁɔ.fe.sœʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): [pχɔfɛsɑœ̯ɹ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''professeur''' ''m'' (plural professeurs, feminine professeure or professeuse)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|professor|t=one who professes an art or science; teacher]], from [[m|la|profiteor|t=to declare publicly; to teach publicly]], from [[m|la|prō-]] and [[m|la|fateor|t=to confess, acknowledge]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A document of 1337 has ''proffesseur en loys'', a teacher of law, Lanfranc's surgery (14th century) speaks of ''professeurs de cest art''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Furetière (1690) records the teacher in an established school, and the title has been used for a university chair-holder.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) La Fontaine (1668) has it figuratively.^(GLLF 1989) The clipped form ''prof'' is familiar.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ For a woman the masculine was long the only form in Europe (attested 1846), forms such as ''professeuse'' or ''professoresse'' never catching on; the feminine ''professeure'', standard in Quebec, is spreading in Europe.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1337 – ''Proffesseur en loys''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1668 – Figurative use, La Fontaine.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1685 – The derivative ''professorat''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1846 – Used of a woman.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|teacher]] (at a secondary school): ''professeur de mathématiques'', ''professeur de piano''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|professor]] (at a university).^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[professoral]]

+ * [[professorat]]

+ * [[prof]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[professer]]

+ * [[profession]]

+ * [[la|professor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The feminine is ''professeure'' (standard in Quebec, now also common in France), or the masculine form used of a woman: ''elle est professeur''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}