recommencer French · revision 16584

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (recumencet)|origins=la initium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.kɔ.mɑ̃.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''recommencer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Recomencer'' (1080), ''recommencier'' (12th century), ''recommencer'' (13th century).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|re-|commencer]].^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 943b) The verb [[commencer]] comes from [[la-vul|*comīnitiō]], a strengthened form of [[la|initiō|t=to initiate; in Late Latin, to begin]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[pro|recomensar]] and [[it|ricominciare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) the Franks ''recumencent'' the fight: to begin again what had been interrupted.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The intransitive use, “to happen again”, is in the ''Roman de Troie'' (about 1165: ''recomencent li tornei''), and Chrétien de Troyes uses it for doing again what has already been done (1172–90).^(TLFi) Robert Estienne has the reflexive ''se recommencer'' (1539), the impersonal ''il recommence à pleuvoir'' is recorded in the ''Dictionnaire général'' (1893), and ''c'est toujours à recommencer'' is in Furetière (1690).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Recumencet'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – Intransitive “to start again”, ''Roman de Troie''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1172–90 – To do again, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1546 – The derivative ''recommencement''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1893 – Impersonal ''il recommence à pleuvoir''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|restart]], begin again: ''recommencer un travail'', ''recommencer à zéro''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To do again, repeat: ''ne recommence pas !''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To start again: ''l'école recommence lundi'', ''il recommence à pleuvoir''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[recommencement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[commencer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}