appartenir French · revision 16572

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1155|origins=la teneō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.paʁ.tə.niʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''appartenir'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''apartenir''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|appertineō|t=to adjoin, belong to]], from [[m|la|pertineō|t=to extend; to relate to, concern]] (see [[pertinent]]), itself related to [[m|la|teneō|t=to hold]] (see [[tenir]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|25, 34a) The vowel ⟨a⟩ is probably due to [[m|la|pars|t=part]] (see [[part]]): Rey and Bloch and Wartburg assume a popular Latin “*appartinēre”, which [[it|appartenere]] also points to, while [[pro|apertener]] keeps a form closer to Latin.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) Rey calls the verb a borrowing, while Bloch and Wartburg's popular form implies that it was inherited.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ About 1155 it meant to be part of something; about 1170 it took the modern legal sense “to be the property of”, the converse of ''posséder''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1200 it meant to be a characteristic of someone or something, whence the impersonal ''il appartient à qqn de'' “it is someone's role or duty” (1360) and, in the 17th century, “someone's privilege”.^(DHLF 1992) Of people, it meant to be related to someone (12th century) and to be in someone's service (1538).^(DHLF 1992) ''Appartenir à un homme'' is said of a woman who gives herself (1898), and ''s'appartenir'' is to be one's own master (1829).^(DHLF 1992) [[appartenance|alt=Appartenance]] was first used in the plural (about 1170) for the dependencies of a property.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1155 – To be part of.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1170 – To be the property of.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1170 – ''Appartenances''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1200 – To be characteristic of.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1360 – ''Il appartient à''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1538 – To be in someone's service.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1829 – ''S'appartenir''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|belong]] to, be the property of: ''ce livre m'appartient''.^(Wiktionary)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # To belong to, be a member or part of: ''appartenir à un parti''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be characteristic of, be proper to.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Il appartient à qqn de'': it is someone's role or duty to.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''S'appartenir'': to be one's own master.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(literary)'' Of a woman, to give herself (to a man).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[appartenance]]

+ * [[appartenant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pertinent]]

+ * [[impertinent]]

+ * [[tenir]]

+ * [[appartement]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The saying ''l'avenir appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt'' means “the early bird catches the worm”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}