triste French · revision 16569

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 10th century, Vie de saint Léger (trist)|origins=la trīstis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tʁist/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''triste''' (plural tristes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''trist'' (late 10th century), ''triste'' from about 1130–45.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|trīstis|t=sad, sorrowful; gloomy, stern; ill-omened]], which about 1130 refashioned the inherited Old French [[m|fro|trist]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|13/2, 302a) “Trist” came from late Latin “tristus”, altered under the influence of “maestus” “dejected” or “laetus” “joyful”; the keeping of /s/ before /t/ in French shows learned influence.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) Rey says the Latin word has no known etymology, its structure recalling a reduplicated noun and [[xcl|տրտում|tr=trtum|t=sad]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Compare [[it|triste]], [[it|tristo]], [[pro|trist]], [[es|triste]], [[pt|triste]] and [[ro|trist]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Léger'' (second half of the 10th century) has ''trist'', ''triste'' is in the ''Roman d'Eneas'' (about 1130) and in Wace (about 1145), of a person grieved, sorrowful.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It qualified a grieved person and a sad, unhappy event, the dominant use, and about 1160 a stern, severe person or thing.^(DHLF 1992) A ''tristre mangier'' was a poor meal (about 1150), and a face or manner expressing sorrow is ''triste'' from 1213, whence the ''chevalier de la Triste Figure'', Don Quixote (Furetière, 1690).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Of people who by nature never laugh it is found about 1380, and of what inspires melancholy, a colour or the weather, from 1636–90.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Cotgrave (1611) records ''triste comme un bonnet de nuict sans coiffe''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) ''Avoir le vin triste'' (1694) and ''faire triste mine'' followed.^(DHLF 1992) Placed before the noun, it means “wretched, contemptible” (1671): ''un triste individu'' (1802), ''un triste sire''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Trist'', ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1130 – ''Triste'', ''Roman d'Eneas''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1150 – A poor meal.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – ''Tristesse''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1175 – ''Tristement''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1356 – ''Attrister''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1611 – ''Triste comme un bonnet de nuit'', Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – “Contemptible”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1879 – ''Triste sire''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|sad]], unhappy: ''être triste'', ''triste à mourir'', ''triste comme un bonnet de nuit''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Melancholy by nature, gloomy: ''un enfant triste''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Expressing sadness: ''un air triste'', ''faire triste mine''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Saddening, depressing: ''une triste nouvelle'', ''un film triste''; dreary: ''un temps triste''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Unfortunate, deplorable: ''dans un triste état''.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(before the noun)'' Wretched, poor, contemptible: ''un triste individu'', ''un triste sire''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tristement]]

+ * [[tristesse]]

+ * [[attrister]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[contrister]]

+ * [[la|trīstis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}