cri French · revision 16558

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont (criz)|origins=la quirītō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kʁi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cri''' ''m'' (plural cris)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a deverbal noun [[der|fr|crier|t=to cry, shout]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) “Crier” continues a popular Latin [[la-vul|*crītō]], a reduction of [[la|quirītō|t=to cry out, wail]], of imitative origin, Varro's derivation from “Quirītēs”, the Roman citizens, “to call the citizens”, is a mere play on words.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Compare [[it|grido]], [[es|grito]] and [[pro|crit]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Passion'' of Clermont (late 10th century) ''criz'' is a sound uttered loudly by the human voice, as a call.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' has ''le hu et le cri'' of battle, and the Laws of William ''sanz suite et cri''.^(Littré 1873) The cries of animals are in Philippe de Thaon (1120–35).^(TLFi) About 1165–76 Chrétien de Troyes used it for reputation, mostly bad, public outcry; about 1230 a public proclamation, a ban, and in the 13th century the calls of Paris street sellers (''Crieries de Paris'').^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) ''À cor et à cri'' is found before 1510.^(TLFi) Racine used it figuratively (1691).^(TLFi) ''Le dernier cri'', the latest fashion, appears in Courteline (1892).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Criz'', ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Le hu et le cri'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1120–35 – Animal cries, Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1165–76 – Reputation, outcry, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1230 – A proclamation.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1510 – ''À cor et à cri''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1892 – ''Du dernier cri''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|cry]], shout, scream: ''pousser un cri'', ''un cri de douleur'', ''le premier cri'' of a newborn.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The call of an animal: ''le cri de la chouette''.^(Larousse)

+ # A call, a slogan: ''cri de guerre'', ''cri du cœur'', ''à grands cris''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(literary)'' An outcry, protest: ''un cri d'indignation''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Le dernier cri'': the latest fashion: ''un téléphone dernier cri''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[crier]]

+ * [[criard]]

+ * [[s'écrier]]

+ * [[décrier]]

+ * [[la|quirītō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate word ''cri'', adjective and noun, names the Cree people of Canada and their language.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}