risquer French · revision 16552

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1577 (se risquer)|origins=it risco}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁis.ke/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''risquer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|risque|-er]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) [[risque]] (1578) was borrowed from [[it|risco]], now “rischio”, compare the verb [[m|it|risicare]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) Bloch and Wartburg trace “risco” to a Latin “resecum”, a deverbal noun from [[la|resecō|t=to cut back]], “that which cuts”, hence a reef and the risk run by goods at sea; the REW proposed a Greek “rhizikon” “cliff”, a view it itself called doubtful.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The reflexive ''se risquer'', “to take a chance”, is in Gabriel Meurier's ''Trésor des sentences'' (1577): ''Qui ne se risque jamais ne sera riche''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The absolute ''risquer'' is found in 1596, and with an object in Montchrestien (1604): ''De risquer pour ton bien tes moyens et ta vie''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi) The Académie (1694) records ''risquer le tout pour le tout'' and ''vous risquez de beaucoup perdre'', the sense “to run the risk of”, La Fontaine has ''risquer le paquet''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) To submit a work or an opinion to the chance of failure is in Destouches (1736), and Hugo's ''risquer son regard'' (1862) means to peep cautiously.^(TLFi) ''Qui ne risque rien n'a rien'' is recorded by the Académie in 1798.^(GLLF 1989) In modern French ''risquer de'' also simply means “to be likely to”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1577 – ''Se risquer''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1578 – ''Risque''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1596 – ''Risquer'' used absolutely.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1604 – ''Risquer'' something, Montchrestien.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – ''Risquer le tout pour le tout''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1716 – ''Risquable'', Marivaux.^(TLFi)

+ * 1736 – To venture a work, Destouches.^(TLFi)

+ * 1798 – ''Qui ne risque rien n'a rien''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|risk]], put at risk: ''risquer sa vie'', ''risquer le tout pour le tout'', ''qui ne risque rien n'a rien''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To run the risk of, face: ''risquer la prison'', ''risquer de perdre''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To be likely to: ''il risque de pleuvoir''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To venture, try: ''risquer une question'', ''risquer un œil''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''Se risquer'': to venture: ''se risquer dehors'', ''se risquer à''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[risqué]]

+ * [[risquable]]

+ * [[risque-tout]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[risque]]

+ * [[it|rischio]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}