passage French · revision 16548

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la passus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.saʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /pɑ.saʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''passage''' ''m'' (plural passages)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|passer|-age]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) [[passer]] continues popular Latin [[la-vul|*passō]], derived from [[m|la|passus|t=step, pace]] (see [[pas]]).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Compare [[pro|passatge]], [[es|pasaje]], [[pt|passagem]] and [[it|passaggio]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) it is a pass through the mountains: ''Sel puis trover à port ne à passage''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1165 it named a sea crossing, ''prendre passage'' “to embark”, and the passage to the Holy Land, Villehardouin speaks of pilgrims who could not pay their ''passage''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) Chrétien de Troyes uses it for a part of a text (1176).^(TLFi) The act of passing, of an army, of migrating birds, and the place where one passes, a way through, followed; a covered arcade of shops in Paris is a ''passage''.^(Littré 1873)^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007) ''De passage'' “passing through, temporary” is in Rousseau (about 1770).^(BHVF) ''Passage protégé'' and ''passage clouté'' belong to the highway code, and in astronomy a ''passage'' is the transit of a planet.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – A mountain pass, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – A sea crossing, ''Roman de Troie''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1176 – A part of a text, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1330 – ''Passager''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1492 – A difficult passage in mountain climbing.^(BHVF)

+ * 1769 – ''Prostituée de passage''.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Passing, the act of going through or past: ''le passage des oiseaux'', ''passage interdit'', ''être de passage''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A crossing, a journey: ''le passage de la Manche'', ''payer son passage''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # A way through, a [[m|en|passageway]]; a covered arcade: ''laisser le passage'', ''passage souterrain'', ''passage clouté'', a pedestrian crossing.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A change from one state to another: ''le passage à l'euro'', ''passage dans la classe supérieure''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|passage]] of a text or a piece of music.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(astronomy)'' A transit.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[passager]]

+ * [[passagèrement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[passer]]

+ * [[pas]]

+ * [[passant]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate noun ''passage'' (1611, ''passège'', 1625), borrowed from [[it|passeggio]], names in horsemanship a short, highly cadenced trot.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}