apparaître French · revision 16545

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (apareüt)|origins=la pāreō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.pa.ʁɛtʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''apparaître'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''apareistre'', ''aparoistre'', ''apparaître'' prevailed in the 17th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ The 1990 spelling reform allows ''apparaitre''.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|aparoistre]], [[inh|la-lat|appārēscō|t=to appear suddenly]], an inchoative of [[m|la|appāreō|t=to appear]], itself from [[m|la|pāreō|t=to appear, be visible]] (see [[paraître]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|25, 25a) “Appārēscere” is recorded only in the 3rd–4th centuries, mostly in Church Latin; the French verb was formed on the model of “paraître”.^(DHLF 1992) The simple Latin “appāreō” gave Old French “apareir”, [[apparoir]], kept in the legal “il appert”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[pro|aparer]], [[ca|aparèixer|alt=aparexer]] and [[es|aparecer]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) it means to become visible, to come to light: ''Mout grant domage lui est apareüt''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was frequent in religious contexts, of Christ appearing to the three Marys, but early meant simply to become visible.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The sense “to appear suddenly”, matching the noun [[apparition]], seems to date from the 16th century (Amyot).^(DHLF 1992) An old legal sense (1294) was taken over by [[comparaître]], and a transitive “to show” existed only in Old French.^(DHLF 1992) The psychological use with an adjective, ''cela apparaît certain'', is in Calvin (1536), and the impersonal ''il apparaît que'' from 1437, both humanist re-borrowings from Latin ''appārēre''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Apareüt'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1190 – ''Apparition''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1294 – A legal sense, later taken by ''comparaître''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1437 – ''Il apparaît que''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1536 – “To seem”, Calvin.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 17th century – ''Apparaître'' replaces ''aparoistre''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1867 – ''Réapparaître''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|appear]], come into view, become visible: ''une voile apparut à l'horizon''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a supernatural being, to appear: ''la Vierge lui est apparue''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To come into being, emerge: ''cette espèce est apparue il y a…''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To become clear, evident; to seem: ''cela m'apparaît nécessaire'', ''il apparaît que''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[réapparaître]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[paraître]]

+ * [[apparoir]]

+ * [[apparition]]

+ * [[apparence]]

+ * [[apparent]]

+ * [[la|appāreō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}