protéger French · revision 16543

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 14th century, Eustache Deschamps|origins=la tegō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pʁɔ.te.ʒe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''protéger'''^(Wiktionary)

+ The Académie wrote ''proteger'' in 1694 and 1718, ''protéger'' from 1740.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|prōtegō|t=to cover in front; to shelter; to protect]], from [[m|la|prō-|t=in front]] and [[m|la|tegō|t=to cover; to shelter]] (see [[toit]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|9, 469b) [[protection]] (12th century) and [[protecteur]] (1234) were borrowed earlier from the Late Latin derivatives “prōtēctiō” and “prōtēctor”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Eustache Deschamps (end of the 14th century) prays ''Douce Vierge [...] nous deffen, protege et garde''; of a thing it is found in 1395, but the verb is rare before the 17th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Se protéger'' is in Voltaire (1756), and of a thing that forms a shield, a barrier, in 1763.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the classical period the idea of support came first: to further someone's interests or career (1671), whence “to keep a woman” (Balzac, 1838).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The ''Encyclopédie'' (1754) speaks of protecting the arts and sciences and a country's trade, the source of ''protectionnisme'' (1845).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Un protégé'' is found in 1741, ''État protégé'' in 1875, ''passage protégé'' on the roads about 1955, and computer files are ''protégés'' from 1969.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 14th century – Eustache Deschamps.^(TLFi)

+ * 1395 – Of a thing.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – To further someone's career.^(TLFi)

+ * 1741 – ''Protégé'', ''protégée''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1754 – To protect trade, ''Encyclopédie''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1838 – To keep a woman, Balzac.^(TLFi)

+ * 1845 – ''Protectionnisme''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1969 – In computing.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|protect]], defend, shelter: ''protéger les faibles'', ''protéger quelqu'un contre'', ''se protéger du froid''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a thing, to shield: ''la haie protège le jardin du vent''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+ # To support, patronize: ''protéger les arts''; to further someone's career.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(economics)'' To protect a country's industry by tariffs.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(computing)'' To protect a file against access or copying.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[protégé]]

+ * [[protège-cahier]]

+ * [[protège-dents]]

+ * [[protège-tibia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[protecteur]]

+ * [[protection]]

+ * [[toit]]

+ * [[la|prōtegō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}