manière French · revision 16524

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1119, Philippe de Thaon|origins=la manus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ma.njɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Paris): [ma.njɛʁ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [mɔ̃jæ(ɾ)]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manière''' ''f'' (plural manières)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine used as a noun of the Old French adjective “manier” “worked by hand; skilful, well trained”, from [[la|manuārius|t=of the hand]], from [[m|la|manus|t=hand]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|6/1, 280b) Wiktionary allows a Vulgar Latin “*manāria” as an alternative.^(Wiktionary) Littré rejects Rémusat's derivation from scholastic Latin “maneria” “kind”, which John of Salisbury connected with [[la|maneō|t=to remain]].^(Littré 1873) Latin expressed the idea with other words: [[m|la|modus]], [[m|la|habitus]], [[m|la|mōs|alt=mōrēs]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|maneira]], [[es|manera]], [[pt|maneira]] and [[it|maniera]].^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Philippe de Thaon (1119) uses it for a way of being or behaving.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Like [[façon]], it entered many phrases from the 12th century on: ''en nulle maniere'' (about 1145), ''en tel maniere que'' (about 1165), ''a la maniere de'' (1395), ''de manière que'' (1547), ''de toute manière'' (1835).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Une manière de'' “a sort of” is in Wace (about 1150).^(TLFi) It meant an architect's style (Villard de Honnecourt, 1260) and a painter's (Poussin, 1641), and, from 1699 an affected style, whence [[maniéré]] (1679) and [[maniérisme]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Of people, Chrétien de Troyes (1170) uses it for bearing and appearance in society; the plural ''manières'' (1174–78) is behaviour, manners: ''les belles manières'' (1662), ''faire des manières'' “to make a fuss” (1862).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1119 – “Way of being”, Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1150 – ''Une manière de'' “a sort of”, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1170 – Bearing, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1260 – A style of building, Villard de Honnecourt.^(TLFi)

+ * 1641 – A painter's manner, Poussin.^(TLFi)

+ * 1662 – ''Les belles manières'', Pascal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1679 – ''Maniéré''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1862 – ''Faire des manières''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|manner]], [[m|en|way]]: ''de cette manière'', ''la manière dont il parle'', ''avoir la manière''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''De toute manière'': in any case, ''de manière à'', ''de manière que'': so as to, so that, ''d'une certaine manière'': in a way.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''À la manière de'': in the style of: ''un tableau à la manière de Watteau''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # An artist's or writer's style.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(in the plural)'' Manners: ''les bonnes manières'', ''faire des manières'', to put on airs, to make a fuss.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(grammar)'' ''Adverbe de manière'': an adverb of manner.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[maniéré]]

+ * [[maniérisme]]

+ * [[maniériste]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[main]]

+ * [[manier]]

+ * [[façon]]

+ * [[la|manus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}