allemand French · revision 16509

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (aleman)|origins=goh Alaman}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /al.mɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''allemand''' (feminine allemande, masculine plural allemands, feminine plural allemandes)^(Wiktionary)

+ First ''aleman'' (1080), then ''alemant'' (12th century, with the ''-t'' of the oblique case) and ''alemand'' (13th century), by a change of suffix.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ The noun for a German person is capitalized: ''un Allemand'', ''une Allemande''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|Alamannus|t=Alamannic]], also written “Alemannus”, the name of a confederation of western Germanic peoples, whose country was “Alamannia” (whence [[Allemagne]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) The Latin name is Germanic: [[goh|Alaman]] probably comes from “ala” “all” (compare [[en|all]]) and “man” “man”; a link with the river name “Alle” has also been suggested for the first element.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Littré cites the Greek historian Agathias, after Asinius Quadratus, who explained the name as men gathered from many places.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The GLLF and the Petit Robert date it to the ''Chanson de Roland'' (1080), written ''aleman'', Littré's earliest quotation (12th century) names ''Aleman ne Tieis'' among foreign peoples.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As adjective and noun it has applied to the inhabitants of Germany, with geographical references that varied with the political entities of each period.^(DHLF 1992) The language is called ''alemant'' from the 13th century.^(DHLF 1992) ''Querelle d'Allemand'', a quarrel over nothing, followed ''querelle d'Allemagne'' (16th century) and alludes to the country's warlike reputation.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) ''C'est du haut allemand'' meant “it's all Greek to me”.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989) The ''allemande'' (1542) is a dance and the movement of a suite derived from it.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Aleman'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 12th century – ''Alemant''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 13th century – ''Alemant'', the language; the form ''alemand''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 16th century – ''Querelle d'Allemagne''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1542 – ''Allemande'', a dance.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|German]]: of Germany, its people or its language: ''la philosophie allemande'', ''un berger allemand''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The German language: ''parler allemand'', ''haut allemand'', ''bas allemand''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Un Allemand'', ''une Allemande'': a German.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Querelle d'Allemand'': a quarrel over nothing.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[allemande]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[alémanique]]

+ * [[Allemagne]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}