prochain French · revision 16500

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=first half of the 12th century, Cambridge Psalter (pruceine)|origins=la prope}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pʁɔ.ʃɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prochain''' (feminine prochaine, masculine plural prochains, feminine plural prochaines)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|prucein]] (about 1120), [[m|fro|proceain]] (1120–50), remade as ''prochain'' (about 1155).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|prucein]], [[inh|la-vul|*propeānus]], from [[m|la|prope|t=near, close by; almost]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Bloch and Wartburg justify the reconstruction by [[sc|probianu]]; [[pro|probdan]] was remade after “lonhdan” “distant”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935) Rey notes that “prope” rests on a type “*prokʷ-”, as its superlative “proxime” shows.^(DHLF 1992) Old French also had “proisme” “neighbour, fellow man”, from [[m|la|proximus|t=nearest]], which “prochain” supplanted in Middle French.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Littré derived it from [[proche]], Rey and Bloch and Wartburg on the contrary take “proche” as a back-formation from “prochain”.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the Cambridge Psalter (first half of the 12th century) ''la tribulatïun est pruceine'' renders ''tribulatio proxima est'': an event whose coming is near.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In ''Eneas'' (about 1160) it already means “the next”, the first to come in a series, ''pasques preuchaines'' “next Easter” is found in 1252.^(TLFi) In the 12th century it expressed closeness in kinship (''lor proceain parent'') and in friendship, uses later absorbed by [[proche]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The noun ''son prochain'' “one's fellow man” comes from the language of the Church and the Sermon on the Mount: ''aime ton prouchain com toy mesmes'' (1343).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The spatial sense “nearby” (Wace, 1155) has almost gone out of use in favour of ''proche'' and ''voisin''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) In logic and theology it means “immediate”: ''cause prochaine'' (about 1360), ''pouvoir prochain'' and ''occasion prochaine'' (Pascal, 1656–58).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Familiar ''à la prochaine!'' means “see you!”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * First half of the 12th century – ''Pruceine'', Cambridge Psalter.^(TLFi)

+ * 1120–50 – ''Sun proceain'' “his fellow man”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1155 – “Nearby”, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – “Next”, ''Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1343 – ''Aime ton prouchain com toy mesmes''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1360 – ''Cause prochaine''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|next]]: ''la semaine prochaine'', ''le prochain arrêt'', ''la prochaine fois''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Coming soon, [[m|en|imminent]]: ''un départ prochain''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(literary)'' Nearby, neighbouring: ''au prochain village''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' Immediate: ''cause prochaine''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # One's [[m|en|neighbour]], fellow man: ''aimer son prochain''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''À la prochaine!'': see you!^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prochainement]]

+ * [[proche]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[proximité]]

+ * [[approcher]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}