ajouter French · revision 16496

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (ajoster)|origins=la iūxtā}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.ʒu.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ajouter'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|ajoster]], [[m|fro|ajouster]], ''ajuster'', ''ajouter'' from the 13th century (1262).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ Littré notes that Old French ''ajouster'' cannot be told apart from ''ajuster''.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed in [[af|fro|a-|joster|t2=to bring together]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|5, 98a) The simple verb (compare [[jouter]]) is from [[la-vul|*iūxtō|t=to be adjoining; to bring together]], or from Old French “joste” “beside”, from [[m|la|iūxtā|t=near, beside]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Wiktionary instead derives it from [[la-vul|*adiūxtō]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|ajostar]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) it means “to bring together, assemble”: Marsile ''quatre cent mille en ajustet en trois jours''; the reflexive meant to join battle, ''Franz et payens as les vous ajustez''.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old French it meant to put beside and in addition; the reflexive meant “to gather” and “to fight” (compare ''jouter''), senses lost before the 16th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The modern sense “to put in addition” is also very old (1119).^(DHLF 1992) ''Ajouter foi à'' “to give credence to” (12th century) is the only survival of the idea of joining.^(DHLF 1992) Used with speech, “to say further”, it is in Calvin (1541).^(BHVF)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ The prefixed [[rajouter]] gave familiar ''en rajouter'' “to overdo it” (20th century); the noun [[ajout]] (Gide, 1895) has replaced older ''ajoutée'' and ''ajoute''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Ajuster'' “to gather”, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1119 – “To put in addition”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 12th century – ''Ajoster fei''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1262 – The spelling ''ajouter''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1541 – “To say further”, Calvin.^(BHVF)

+ * 1895 – ''Ajout'', Gide.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|add]], put in addition: ''ajouter un étage à une maison'', ''ajouter du sel''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To say further: ''il ajouta que…'', ''je n'ai rien à ajouter''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Ajouter à'': to increase, add to: ''cela ajoute à son charme''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''Ajouter foi à'': to believe, give credence to.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''S'ajouter'': to be added: ''à cela s'ajoute son mauvais caractère''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ajout]]

+ * [[rajouter]]

+ * [[surajouter]]

+ * [[ajoutage]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[jouter]]

+ * [[jouxter]]

+ * [[ajuster]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}