voyage French · revision 16495

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (veiage)|origins=la via}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vwa.jaʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [(v)wɒ.jaʒ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [vo.jaʒ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''voyage''' ''m'' (plural voyages)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|veiage]] (1080), [[m|fro|veage]], [[m|fro|voiage]] (12th century), ''viage'', ''voyage'' from 1480.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ In the 17th century some pronounced it ''veage'', which Vaugelas condemned.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|veiage]], [[inh|la|viāticum|t=provisions or money for a journey, (late) journey]], the neuter of [[m|la|viāticus|t=of a journey]], from [[m|la|via|t=road, way]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|14, 381a) In the Latin of Gaul it came to mean the road to be travelled, Littré finds the sense “journey” already in Venantius Fortunatus.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) The learned borrowing of the same word is [[viatique]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Bloch and Wartburg note that the word is purely Gallo-Romance: [[it|viaggio]] and [[es|viaje]] were borrowed from [[pro|viatge]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) Ganelon ''est montet, entret en sun veiage'': he sets out on his way.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old and Middle French it was used above all of a pilgrimage (about 1138), a crusade (about 1190) or a military expedition.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Journeys in the modern sense being rare in the Middle Ages, the general sense of travelling to a distant place appears only in the 15th century (''viage'', 1421, ''voyage'', 1480); ''en voyage'' is in Christine de Pisan (1400) and ''bon voyage!'' in 1518.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ It also meant a load carried in one trip (1445), still current in Quebec (''un voyage de bois''); figuratively, life (about 1470) and death, ''le grand voyage'', ''voyage sans retour'' (mid-15th century); and an account of a journey (1512).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Les gens du voyage'' are travelling showpeople (1864), and in 1966 ''voyage'' rendered English ''trip'' for a drug experience.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Veiage'' “way”, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1138 – A pilgrimage, Gaimar.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1190 – A crusade.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1400 – ''En voyage'', Christine de Pisan.^(TLFi)

+ * 1445 – A load.^(TLFi)

+ * 1480 – The form ''voyage''; a journey in the modern sense.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1518 – ''Bon voyage!''^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+ * 1864 – ''Gens du voyage''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1966 – A drug ''trip''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|journey]], [[m|en|trip]]: ''faire un voyage'', ''voyage d'affaires'', ''voyage de noces'', ''bon voyage!''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|travel]], travelling: ''aimer les voyages'', ''agence de voyages''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # A single trip made to carry something: ''faire plusieurs voyages'', ''(Quebec, Louisiana)'' a load: ''un voyage de bois''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Le grand voyage'': death.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Les gens du voyage'': travellers, travelling people.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(slang)'' A drug trip.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[voyager]]

+ * [[voyageur]]

+ * [[voyagiste]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[voie]]

+ * [[viatique]]

+ * [[la|viāticum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}