pareil French · revision 16464

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=mid-12th century, Jeu d'Adam|origins=la pār}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.ʁɛj/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pareil''' (feminine pareille, masculine plural pareils, feminine plural pareilles)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-lat|pariculus|t=alike]], found once, in the “Remissoria” of the Salic law, an extended form of [[la|pār|t=equal]], the source of [[pair]], just as “*soliculus” (whence “soleil”) was formed from “sōl”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|7, 648b)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|parecchio]], [[oc|parelh]], [[es|parejo]] and [[pt|parelho]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the ''Jeu d'Adam'' (mid-12th century), both as an adjective, “like someone”, and as a noun, “a person like another”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With an explicit comparison it was first followed by ''de'' (Froissart, 1399–1400), later by ''que'' (about 1500) in speech and by ''à'' in formal use, as in Malherbe's ''à nulle autre pareille'' (1599).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Chrétien de Troyes (1181–1190) gives it a demonstrative sense, “of this kind”, as in ''en pareil cas'' (Montaigne, about 1590); it can be laudatory (Molière, 1666) or reproachful, as in ''à pareille heure'' (Hugo, 1838).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ As a noun it gave ''n'avoir son paroil'' (1188), ''sans pareil'' (1204), ''rendre la pareille'' “to pay back in kind” (Amyot, about 1559) and the familiar ''du pareil au même'' (1866).^(TLFi) The adverbial use, ''s'habiller pareil'', criticized by grammarians, goes back to the end of the 15th century; in Quebec ''pareil'' also means “anyway, just the same”.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * mid-12th century – Adjective and noun in the ''Jeu d'Adam''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1181–1190 – “Of this kind”, in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1204 – ''Sans pareil''.^(TLFi)

+ * late 15th century – The adverb.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1559 – ''Rendre la pareille'' in Amyot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1599 – ''À nulle autre pareille'' in Malherbe.^(TLFi)

+ * 1866 – ''Du pareil au même''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # The same, alike, [[m|en|similar]]: ''ils ne sont pas pareils'', ''ce n'est pas pareil''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Such, like that: ''en pareil cas'', ''un pareil talent'', ''à une heure pareille''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''À nul autre pareil'': unequalled.^(Le Robert)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # An equal: ''il n'a pas son pareil'', ''sans pareil''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Rendre la pareille'': to pay back in kind.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''C'est du pareil au même'': it comes to the same thing.^(Larousse)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(familiar)'' The same way: ''s'habiller pareil''.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(Quebec, informal)'' Anyway, just the same.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pareillement]]

+ * [[appareiller]]

+ * [[dépareiller]]

+ * [[nonpareil]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[même]]

+ * [[semblable]]

+ * [[tel]]

+ * [[pair]]

+ * [[la|pār]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}