bouger French · revision 16448

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1150 (bougier)|origins=la bulliō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bu.ʒe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bouger'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|bougier]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|bougier]], [[inh|la-vul|*bullicō|t=to bubble, seethe]], a frequentative of [[la|bulliō|t=to boil, bubble]] (the source of [[bouillir]]), with the sense transferred from bubbling to moving.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|1, 617b) The same Vulgar Latin form is supposed by [[it|bulicare|t=to bubble]], [[pro|bolegar|t=to move]] and [[ca|bellugar]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) Littré credits Diez with this explanation, against Ménage's derivation from German “wogen”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ English borrowed it from Middle French as [[en|budge]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ As ''bougier'' it is found about 1150 meaning “to stir, move”; the GLLF's first record is Chrétien de Troyes (1175).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its sense has hardly changed since: “to move” and, of a person, “to move about”.^(DHLF 1992) With a negative it meant “not to leave a place”, as in Froissart's ''l'argent ne devoit bouger de Paris'' and the Académie's ''il ne bouge de chez lui''.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989) Figuratively it is used of a people beginning to stir in protest.^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ The reflexive ''se bouger'', unmarked in Molière and Racine, is now familiar (''tu te bouges ?''), as is ''bouger son cul'' “to get moving”.^(DHLF 1992) Derivatives include ''bougeotte'' (1859), mostly in ''avoir la bougeotte'', and ''bougé'' (about 1950), a blur in a photograph caused by movement.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1150 – ''Bougier'' “to stir”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1175 – In Chrétien de Troyes.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1354 – Anglo-Norman ''bouger'' “to budge”.^(AND)

+ * 17th century – ''Se bouger'' used freely by Molière and Racine.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1859 – ''Bougeotte''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * c. 1950 – ''Bougé'' in photography.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|move]], make a movement, stir: ''le blessé ne bouge plus'', ''que personne ne bouge !''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To change place, go out: ''je ne bouge pas de chez moi aujourd'hui''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To be loose or unsteady: ''une dent qui bouge''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To change: ''les prix n'ont pas bougé''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # (of a group) To [[m|en|stir]], agitate in protest: ''le peuple commence à bouger''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(familiar, transitive)'' To move, shift (something).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Se bouger'': to get moving, make an effort.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[bougeotte]]

+ * [[bougé]]

+ * [[bougement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[déplacer]]

+ * [[mouvoir]]

+ * [[remuer]]

+ * [[bouillir]]

+ * [[en|budge]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Littré also lists a transitive technical verb ''bouger'' “to give a rounded shape to”, which he connects with ''bouge'' “bulge”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}