celui French · revision 16422

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=2nd half of the 10th century, Passion de Clermont|origins=la ecce, la ille}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sə.lɥi/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /sɥi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''celui''' ''m'' (feminine celle, masculine plural ceux, feminine plural celles)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French had a full set of cases: masculine subject ''cil'', object ''cel'', dative ''celui''; feminine ''cele'', ''celi''; plural ''cil'', ''ceus''; only ''celui'', ''celle'', ''ceux'' and ''celles'' survive.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+ Reinforced forms such as ''icelui'' were used until the 17th century; the Académie wrote ''celuy'' in 1694.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|celui]], [[inh|la-vul|*ecce illui]], the dative of “ecce ille”, formed from [[la|ecce|t=behold]] and [[m|la|ille|t=that]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) The ending “-ui” follows the pattern of [[lui]] and of Latin “cui” “to whom”.^(Wiktionary) “Ecce ille” marked distance, as opposed to “ecce iste”, which gave [[ce]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Compare [[it|colui]] and [[ro|acelui]]; southern dialects use “(a)kel”, [[pro|aquel]], formed with “eccum”.^(Wiktionary)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Forms of the demonstrative are found in the ''Séquence de sainte Eulalie'' (about 881); ''celui'' itself, as a pronoun followed by a relative, appears in the second half of the 10th century in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old French these forms were both adjectives and pronouns, expressing distance from the speaker, as opposed to ''cist''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Celui'' displaced the old subject ''cil'' and object ''cel'', which died out in the 16th century, and, from then on was only a pronoun.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) To restore the distinction between near and far, ''celui-ci'' (1372) and ''celui-là'' (15th century) were formed.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 881 – Forms of the demonstrative in the ''Séquence de sainte Eulalie''.^(TLFi)

+ * 2nd half of the 10th century – ''Celui… cui'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * 1372 – ''Celui-ci'', in Jean Corbichon.^(GLLF 1989)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 15th century – ''Celui-là''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 16th century – ''Cil'' and ''cel'' disappear.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # The one (followed by ''de'' or a relative clause): ''celui de mon frère'', ''celui qui parle''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Celui-ci'', ''celui-là'': this one, that one; the latter, the former.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Faire celui qui'': to pretend.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[celui-ci]]

+ * [[celui-là]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ce]]

+ * [[il]]

+ * [[lui]]

+ * [[la|ille]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In relaxed speech ''celui'' may be shortened to ''çui'' /sɥi/.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}