type French · revision 16405

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1380|origins=grc τύπτω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tip/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''type''' ''m'' (plural types)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|typus|t=figure, image; model; type]], taken over about 1380, from [[grc|τύπος|tr=túpos|t=impression of a blow; mark; figure, model]], derived from [[m|grc|τύπτω|tr=túptō|t=to strike]].^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|13/2, 460b)^(Wiktionary) The Greek word was first a technical term for the hollow or raised impression left by striking a die, then the emblem on it, a seal or a relief, and later any form, figure or outline; in the Septuagint it meant “model, example”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Rey connects “túptō” with an Indo-European root “*(s)teu-” “to strike”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found at the end of the 14th century in a Latin–French glossary, the ''Aalma'', glossing ''tipus'' as “figure, form, state, likeness”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle French took it in abstract senses: from the vocabulary of exegesis, a person or event of the Old Testament prefiguring the New (1531), and, from Plato, the ideal form of a thing (before 1596).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In printing it named a piece of type (1545).^(Petit Robert 2007) Buffon used it in 1778 for the form of a species, and Restif de la Bretonne in 1776 for the perfect example of a quality (''le type de la beauté''); in art it named an ideal model (1777) and in literature a character embodying a class of people (1811).^(TLFi)

+

+ In popular speech ''un type'' means “a guy, a fellow” (about 1845), whence ''typesse'' (1888).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) As an adjective placed after a noun, it means “typical, model”: ''un contrat type''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1380 – ''Tipe'' in the ''Aalma'' glossary.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1531 – A type in theology.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1545 – A printing type.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * Before 1596 – A Platonic form, in Vigenère.^(TLFi)

+ * 1778 – The type of a species, in Buffon.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1845 – ''Un type'' “a guy”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1888 – ''Typesse''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|type]], kind or sort: ''ce type de voiture''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A perfect example or [[m|en|model]]: ''le type même du savant''.^(TLFi)

+ # A set of features typical of a group: ''le type méditerranéen''.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(familiar)'' A guy, a [[m|en|fellow]]: ''un chic type''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(printing)'' A typeface, ''(numismatics)'' the figure on a coin.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(theology)'' A figure of the Old Testament prefiguring the New.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Typical, standard: ''une lettre type''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[typé]]

+ * [[typique]]

+ * [[typesse]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[typographie]]

+ * [[prototype]]

+ * [[stéréotype]]

+ * [[grc|τύπος|tr=túpos]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}