salut French · revision 16404

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 980, Sermon sur Jonas|origins=la salvus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sa.ly/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''salut''' ''m'' (plural saluts)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|salu]], feminine, until the 13th century; the spelling ''salut'', after the Latin, appears in the 13th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|salut]], [[inh|la|salūs|t=health; safety; greeting]], from the accusative “salūtem”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word meant the state of being whole and sound, safety, life as opposed to death; it was personified in the goddess Salus and used in greetings (“salūtem dīcere”), and Christian Latin gave it the sense “salvation”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) It is derived from [[m|la|salvus|t=whole, safe]] (see [[sauf]]).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The Latin noun was feminine, and Old French “salu” was too in the senses “safety” and “salvation”; but from the “Chanson de Roland” the word was masculine in the sense “greeting”, felt as a noun formed on [[saluer]], and the masculine then won in all senses.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|salute]] and [[es|salud]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 980 in the Sermon on Jonah, in the religious sense “salvation”, being saved from the state of sin.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) uses it for a mark of civility to someone met or left, and about 1140 it was a wish for someone's prosperity; as an exclamation of greeting it is in Beaumanoir (1283).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the 12th century it also meant escaping death or danger (Wace, 1160–1174).^(TLFi)

+

+ ''Faire son salut'' is in Pascal (1656–1657); ''le salut public'' is recorded in 1789 and the ''Comité de salut public'' in 1793; the revolutionary formula ''salut et fraternité'' dates from 1798, and the ''Armée du Salut'' from 1885.^(TLFi) Naval salutes are mentioned in 1670.^(TLFi) In modern familiar speech ''salut !'' is used both for “hi” and for “bye”.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – “Salvation” in the Sermon on Jonah.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – A greeting, in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160–1174 – Escape from danger, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1283 – An exclamation of greeting, in Beaumanoir.^(TLFi)

+ * 1656–1657 – ''Faire son salut'' in Pascal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1793 – ''Comité de salut public''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1885 – ''Armée du Salut'' in Daudet.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Safety, rescue: ''chercher son salut dans la fuite'', ''planche de salut''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(religion)'' [[m|en|salvation]]: ''le salut de l'âme''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A [[m|en|greeting]], a gesture of respect: ''un salut de la main''; a military salute.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Salut public'': the safety of the state.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # ''(familiar)'' Hi!; bye!^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(formal)'' Hail: ''salut à toi''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sauf]]

+ * [[sauver]]

+ * [[la|salūs]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}