train French · revision 16402

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=c. 1165, Benoît de Sainte-Maure|origins=la trahō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tʁɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''train''' ''m'' (plural trains)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''traïn'', two syllables until about the 15th century.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|train]], formed from Old French [[m|fro|traïner]], “trahiner” (see [[traîner]]), from [[m|la-vul|*tragīnō|t=to drag]], derived from a form of [[la|trahō|t=to draw, drag]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007) It first meant the action of dragging, then what is dragged, and the way one goes along, a pace; hence its many senses.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ The railway sense is probably due to English “train”, which itself came from French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

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+ Cognate with [[pro|trahi]], [[ca|tragí]], [[es|tragín]] and [[it|traino]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found as ''traïn'' about 1165 in Benoît de Sainte-Maure's ''Roman de Troie'', meaning things strewn on the ground, a trail.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1220 it named a file of beasts and wagons carrying an army's baggage, and about 1225 the servants and horses that went with a person, whence ''train de maison'' (1806).^(TLFi) About 1180 (''Jeu d'Adam'') it meant a way of acting or living, whence ''train de vie'' (Montaigne, 1588) and ''mener grand train'' (1872).^(TLFi) ''Train de bois'' (1660), ''train d'artillerie'' (1694) and ''train des équipages'' (1835) carry on the idea of a convoy; in mechanics it named a set of linked parts (1690).^(TLFi)

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+ The railway train, a locomotive drawing a line of carriages, is recorded in 1829, with ''train de voyageurs'' (1837), ''train de marchandises'' (1838) and ''train de plaisir'' (1850).^(TLFi) Later phrases include ''prendre le train en marche'' (1966).^(TLFi) ''Faire du train'' “to make a racket” dates from 1739–1747.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1165 – ''Traïn'' in the ''Roman de Troie''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1180 – A way of living, in the ''Jeu d'Adam''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1220 – A baggage train.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1225 – A retinue.^(TLFi)

+ * 1588 – ''Train de vie'' in Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – ''Train d'artillerie''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1829 – The railway train.^(TLFi)

+ * 1838 – ''Train de marchandises''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|train]] on a railway: ''prendre le train'', ''train de marchandises''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A line of things drawn or moving together: ''un train de péniches'', ''train de bois''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A set of linked parts or things: ''train d'engrenages'', ''train de pneus''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # A series: ''un train de mesures''.^(TLFi)

+ # Pace, speed: ''aller bon train'', ''en train de'', in the process of.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Train de vie'': [[m|en|lifestyle]], standard of living.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(military)'' The supply corps: ''le train des équipages''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[entrain]]

+ * [[arrière-train]]

+ * [[avant-train]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[traîner]]

+ * [[entraîner]]

+ * [[la|trahō]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}