rire French · revision 16392

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la rīdeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁiʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rire'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|rire]], [[inh|la-vul|*rīdō|alt=*rīdere]], a popular form with short ⟨e⟩ of classical [[inh|la|rīdeō|t=to laugh; to smile; to mock]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 395b)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb was used absolutely and transitively, and in poetry of things, like [[grc|γελάω|tr=geláō]]; it is old and found in all the Romance languages, but its origin is not clear: Ernout and Meillet mention a possible link with Sanskrit “krīḍ-” “to play”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|ridere]], [[ca|riure]], [[es|reír]] and [[pt|rir]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) with its present sense, and in the reflexive ''ore s'en rit Rollant'' “now Roland laughs at it”, meaning “to mock”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Many phrases describe the manner of laughing: ''rire sous son chaperon'' (about 1350), later ''rire sous cape'' (1643), ''rire dans sa barbe'' (1694), ''rire jaune'' (1640, ''jaune comme farine''), ''rire aux éclats'' (1779), ''mourir de rire'' (1690) and the proverb ''rira bien qui rira le dernier'' (1690).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Rire aux anges'' is recorded about 1440.^(TLFi)

+

+ ''Rire de'' “to mock” is found about 1165, and ''rire au nez de quelqu'un'' in 1609.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From Jean de Meun (1269–1278) things too could laugh, having a bright, cheerful look.^(TLFi) ''Sans rire'' “seriously” is in ''Pathelin'' (1464), and ''pour rire'' “in jest” in the 16th century.^(TLFi) The infinitive used as a noun, ''le rire'', dates from the 13th century.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Rire'' and ''se rire'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – ''Rire de'' “to make fun of”.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – The noun ''le rire''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1269–1278 – Of things, “to look cheerful”, in Jean de Meun.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1440 – ''Rire aux anges''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1464 – ''Sans rire'' in ''Pathelin''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1640 – ''Rire jaune comme farine''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Rira bien qui rira le dernier''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|laugh]]: ''rire aux éclats'', ''rire jaune''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Rire de'': to make fun of, [[m|en|mock]].^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To have fun, to joke: ''pour rire'', ''sans rire'', ''vous voulez rire''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(literary)'' To look bright and cheerful: ''la campagne rit''.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(literary)'' ''Se rire de'': to make light of, scorn.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A laugh; [[m|en|laughter]]: ''un petit rire discret''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rieur]]

+ * [[riant]]

+ * [[risée]]

+ * [[risible]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sourire]]

+ * [[ridicule]]

+ * [[dérision]]

+ * [[la|rīdeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}