monter French · revision 16387

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 980, Passion de Clermont|origins=la mōns}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /mɔ̃.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''monter'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|monter]], [[inh|la-vul|*montō]], from [[m|la|mōns|t=mountain]] (accusative “montem”), whence [[mont]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|6/3, 106a)^(Wiktionary) In Gallo-Romance it replaced classical [[la|ascendō|t=to climb]], helped by its expressiveness and the large family of “mont”, “ascendere” survives in [[it|ascendere]], [[es|ascender]] and Old French “ascendre”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|montare]], [[oc|montar]], [[ca|muntar]], [[es|montar]] and [[pt|montar]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ At the end of the 10th century the ''Passion'' of Clermont uses it for moving upwards to a higher place, and also for mounting an animal.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1100 ''monter'' alone meant “to mount a horse”, and ''monter à cheval'' dates from 1538.^(TLFi) About 1140 it meant to rise in society, and ''monter en ire'' “to grow angry” is from 1174.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Of things, it meant “to increase” (about 1100), “to rise” of water (about 1155) and “to amount to” (1255–71).^(TLFi) Wine ''monte à la tête'' from 1178.^(TLFi)

+

+ Transitive uses followed: to climb (a slope) about 1140, to put on horseback (about 1155), and later to take up, to assemble and to stage (a play), and in 1918 to edit a film.^(TLFi)^(BHVF) ''Monter à l'assaut'' is from 1680, and ''monter à Paris'' “to go up to Paris”, from anywhere in France, from the 20th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In African French ''monter'' means to go on duty, and in Quebec to go upstream on the Saint Lawrence.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Monter'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – Absolute ''monter'' “to mount a horse”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1140 – To rise in society; transitive “to climb”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174 – ''Monter en ire''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1255–1271 – “To amount to”, in Rutebeuf.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – ''Monter à l'assaut''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1786 – ''Monter'' a mountain, in Saussure.^(BHVF)

+ * 1918 – To edit a film.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To go up, [[m|en|climb]]: ''monter au grenier'', ''monter l'escalier''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To get on or into: ''monter dans le train'', ''monter à cheval'', to [[m|en|ride]].^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To rise, increase: ''les prix montent'', ''la mer monte''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To rise in rank: ''monter en grade''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To take up, carry up: ''monter les bagages''; to turn up: ''monter le son''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|assemble]], set up: ''monter un meuble'', ''monter une tente''; to set (a gem).^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To stage, organise: ''monter une pièce'', ''monter une affaire''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Monter quelqu'un contre'': to set someone against.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[montant]]

+ * [[montée]]

+ * [[monteur]]

+ * [[monture]]

+ * [[montage]]

+ * [[démonter]]

+ * [[remonter]]

+ * [[surmonter]]

+ * [[monte-charge]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mont]]

+ * [[montagne]]

+ * [[ascension]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}