tard French · revision 16380

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis (tart)|origins=la tardus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (France): /taʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec, formal): /tɑːʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Gaspésie, Quebec, informal): /tɑɔ̯ʁ̥/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tard'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''tart'', ''tard'' from about 1360.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|tart]], [[inh|la|tardē|t=slowly; late]], from [[m|la|tardus|t=slow]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|13/1, 119a)^(Wiktionary) Latin “tardus” has no known etymology, though Rey notes its resemblance to [[grc|βραδύς|tr=bradús|t=slow]].^(DHLF 1992) The adjectival and noun uses come from the adverb.^(TLFi)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|tardi]], [[oc|tard]], [[ca|tard]] and [[es|tarde]], Spanish “tarde” also came to mean “afternoon, evening”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ About 1050 the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' has ''lui est tart que'' “he longs for”, literally “it is late for him that”.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1100 it meant “too late, past the right moment”, and in Wace (1160–74) “at a late hour”, as in ''soi colcheir tart'' “to go to bed late”, ''u tost u tart'' “sooner or later” dates from 1174–76.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Il est tard'' is found in 1273, ''il se fait tard'' in 1636, and ''au plus tard'' in 1636.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) From 1559 it was used of an advanced age.^(TLFi)

+

+ As an adjective, ''tard'' “slow” (about 1265) and ''heure tarde'' (1450) lasted until the end of the 16th century, ''sur le tard'' meant “in the evening” in 1376 and now means “late in life”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The verb [[tarder]] (1119) is a borrowing from Latin ''tardāre''; the inherited ''targer'' was still found in the 17th century.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Lui est tart que'' in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Tart'' “too late” in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160–1174 – “At a late hour”, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–1176 – ''U tost u tart'', sooner or later.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1360 – The spelling ''tard''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1376 – ''Sur le tard''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1559 – “Late in life”, in Amyot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1636 – ''Il se fait tard'' and ''au plus tard''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|late]]: at an advanced hour or time: ''se coucher tard''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Too late, after the right moment: ''il est trop tard''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Tôt ou tard'': sooner or later, ''plus tard'': later, ''au plus tard'': at the latest.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Mieux vaut tard que jamais'': better late than never.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Sur le tard'': late in the day; late in life: ''se marier sur le tard''.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[attarder]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tarder]]

+ * [[tardif]]

+ * [[retard]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}