nom French · revision 16365

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 880, Séquence de sainte Eulalie|origins=ine-pro *h₁nómn̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Paris): /nɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /nõʊ̯̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nom''' ''m'' (plural noms)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|nom]], [[inh|la|nōmen|t=name; title; renown]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|7, 175a)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word goes back to [[itc-pro|*nomən]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁nómn̥]], the source also of [[grc|ὄνομα|tr=ónoma]], [[sa|नामन्|tr=nā́man]], [[cu|имѧ|tr=imę]] and [[en|name]].^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ In Latin “nōmen” was distinguished by grammarians from [[m|la|verbum]] and also meant a people's name, fame, and, as opposed to the thing, a mere appearance.^(DHLF 1992) Cognate with [[ro|nume]], [[it|nome]], [[pt|nome]], [[oc|nom]], [[ca|nom]] and [[es|nombre]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 880 in the ''Séquence de sainte Eulalie'', in ''lo nom christiien'' “the Christian name”, that is, Christianity; the ''Vie de saint Léger'' (late 10th century) uses it for the name of a person.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By 1080 it also named things, then animals (1121–34) and peoples or places (after 1170).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Nom de baptême'' is from the 13th century, ''nom de famille'' from 1538 and ''nom de guerre'' from 1660, ''petit nom'' for the first name dates from 1862.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ From 1176–81 it took up the Latin sense “renown”, as in ''laisser un nom'' (1674) and ''se faire un nom'' (1687), and by metonymy the family line (about 1223) and nobility (1276–77).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The grammatical sense appears in ''propre nuns'' (Wace, 1155) and ''nom commun'' (1550).^(TLFi) ''Au nom de'' “in the name of” is found from about 1100.^(TLFi) Oaths came later: ''nom de Dieu !'' (1790), ''nom d'une pipe !'' (1790), ''nom d'un chien !'' (1869).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 880 – ''Lo nom christiien'' in the ''Séquence de sainte Eulalie''.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 10th century – A person's name, in the ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''El num de'' “in honour of” in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1155 – ''Propre nuns'' “proper noun” in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1538 – ''Nom de famille'' in Robert Estienne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1550 – ''Nom commun'' in Meigret's grammar.^(TLFi)

+ * 1660 – ''Nom de guerre''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1790 – The oath ''nom de Dieu !''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|name]]: the word by which a person, place or thing is called.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A [[m|en|surname]], family name: ''nom et prénom''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Renown, [[m|en|reputation]]: ''se faire un nom''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(grammar)'' A [[m|en|noun]]: ''nom propre'', ''nom commun''.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Au nom de'': in the name of, on behalf of.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In oaths: ''nom de Dieu !'', ''nom d'un chien !''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dénommer]]

+ * [[innommable]]

+ * [[innommé]]

+ * [[nommé]]

+ * [[prénommer]]

+ * [[renommée]]

+ * [[renommé]]

+ * [[renommer]]

+ * [[surnommer]]

+ * [[nommer]]

+ * [[prénom]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[agnom]]

+ * [[agnomen]]

+ * [[cognom]]

+ * [[cognomen]]

+ * [[dénomination]]

+ * [[nomenclature]]

+ * [[nominal]]

+ * [[nominalement]]

+ * [[nominateur]]

+ * [[nominatif]]

+ * [[renom]]

+ * [[pronom]]

+ * [[la|nōmen]]

+ * [[en|noun]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}