porte French · revision 16364

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont (porta)|origins=la porta}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pɔʁt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''porte''' ''f'' (plural portes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|porte]], [[inh|la|porta|t=gate]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|9, 198b)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word meant first “passage”, then the gate under a city wall, as opposed to [[m|la|forēs]], the door of a house; that distinction disappeared, and “porta” replaced “forēs” in the Romance languages.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) A masculine doublet [[m|la|portus]] kept only the sense “harbour”, whence [[port]].^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ Rey connects it with the Indo-European root [[ine-pro|*per-|t=to cross]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[it|porta]], [[oc|porta]] and [[es|puerta]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ At the end of the 10th century the ''Passion'' of Clermont speaks of ''la porta de la ciptat'' “the gate of the city”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1080 the ''Chanson de Roland'' already uses it for the door of a closed place, the gate of paradise, and by 1176–81 Chrétien de Troyes has ''porte d'une meison''; in this sense it slowly displaced Old French [[huis]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In 1155 it named the panel that closes the opening.^(TLFi)

+

+ Many phrases followed: ''de porte en porte'' (1480), ''mettre à la porte'' (1690), ''porte à porte'' (1694), ''écouter aux portes'' (1727).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Figurative uses appear from 1568, as in ''ouvrir la porte à''.^(TLFi) From 1538 ''la Porte'', later ''la Sublime Porte'', was the Ottoman court.^(TLFi) Place names keep the old city gates: ''la porte Saint-Antoine'' (1658).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In skiing a ''porte'' is the space between two poles (1937).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Porta de la ciptat'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – The gate of paradise, in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1155 – The door panel, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1176–1181 – ''Porte d'une meison'' in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1314 – ''Veine porte'' in Mondeville.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1538 – ''Porte'', the Ottoman court.^(TLFi)

+ * 1676 – ''Porte-fenêtre''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1690 – ''Mettre quelqu'un à la porte''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1937 – A gate in slalom skiing.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|door]], [[m|en|doorway]]: ''ouvrir la porte'', ''porte d'entrée''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A city [[m|en|gate]]; a monument or place keeping its name: ''la porte Saint-Denis''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # The door of a vehicle or of furniture: ''porte d'un four''.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A way in, means of access: ''ouvrir la porte à''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # A boarding gate at an airport.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(skiing)'' A gate between two poles.^(TLFi)

+ # ''Mettre à la porte'': to throw out, dismiss.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[portier]]

+ * [[portière]]

+ * [[portail]]

+ * [[porte-fenêtre]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[huis]]

+ * [[port]]

+ * [[la|porta]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In anatomy ''veine porte'' (1314), the vein carrying blood from the digestive organs to the liver, uses the same word as an adjective, the vein being compared to a door.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}