stampede English · revision 1634

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /stæmˈpiːd/ ''(UK)''; /stæmˈpid/ ''(US)''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|es|estampida|t=uproar, crash]], used in Mexican Spanish of a rush of animals,^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) from ''estampar'' “to stamp, press”,^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU) which the AHD and Etymonline trace through Provençal,^(AHD)^(Etymonline) of Germanic origin.^(AHD)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate) It is related to [[stamp]].^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ A sudden rush and flight of a herd of panic-stricken cattle on the Western prairies (1826 in the OED, 1828 in the AHD and Merriam-Webster).^(OED 1989)^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Early forms included ''stampado'' (1826), ''stampiado'' (1828) and ''stampedo''.^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) The verb, of a herd to take flight in panic, is recorded from 1823,^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline) and the transitive sense of putting animals to flight from 1838–48.^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)^(OED 1989) By 1836 the noun was used in American politics for a sudden rush of people,^(Etymonline) and the AHD notes an 1851 use for a rush of gold miners.^(AHD) In western Canada and the US it also names a festival combining a rodeo with other events, such as the Calgary Stampede (1912).^(OED 1989)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1823 – verb, to flee in panic.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)^(Etymonline)

+ * 1826 – a panic flight of cattle.^(OED 1989)^(Barnhart 1995)

+ * 1836 – a sudden rush of people, in politics.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1838 – verb, to put to flight.^(Etymonline)^(MW Collegiate)

+ * 1912 – a rodeo festival.^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A sudden, frenzied rush of frightened animals, such as cattle or horses.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A sudden headlong rush or flight of a crowd of people.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A mass [[impulse|alt=impulsive]] action.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Western US and Canada)'' A festival combining a [[rodeo]] with contests and exhibitions.^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ===Verb===

+ # To flee in a headlong rush.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To cause animals or people to flee or act on mass impulse.^(AHD)^(MW Collegiate)^(RHWU)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stampeder]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stamp]]

+ * [[stomp]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}