mourir French · revision 16338

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=881, Séquence de sainte Eulalie|origins=la morior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /mu.ʁiʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''mourir'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|morir]], also ''murir'' (late 10th century).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|morir]], [[inh|la|morior|t=to die]], whose classical infinitive “morī” had a variant “morīrī” in early and popular Latin (Plautus), which became “morīre” in Late Latin.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|6/3, 131b) Like [[mort]], the verb comes from an Indo-European root “*mer-” “to die”, found also in Greek “ambrosios” “immortal” and in Germanic words for murder ([[de|Mord]], [[en|murder]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Besides “to cease living”, the Latin verb meant “to waste away”, “to die out” (of things) and, in Christian Latin, “to renounce”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|muri]], [[it|morire]], [[oc|morir]], [[ca|morir]], [[es|morir]] and [[pt|morrer]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the ''Séquence de sainte Eulalie'' (881), in the reflexive ''se mourir'' “to die”: ''Por o's furet morte a grand honestet'' “for that she would have died with great honour”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Se mourir'' then meant “to be dying” (about 1170) and “to pine away” for love (about 1160) or grief (about 1165), and later, of things, “to fade” (1580, Montaigne).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The intransitive ''mourir'' “to cease living” is found at the end of the 10th century, and about 1200 of a plant (''l'erbe muert'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From the 12th century it also meant “to be at the point of death”, as in ''morir de fain'' (about 1165), and in courtly literature “to languish” of love or grief (1188).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Hyperbolic uses appear in the 17th century: ''à mourir'' “to an extreme degree” (1671), and later ''mourir de rire''.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) In the language of spirituality it means “to renounce” (''morir al munde'', 1200, ''mourir au péché'', 1651).^(DHLF 1992) With an inanimate subject it is found from the 16th century.^(DHLF 1992) The infinitive is also a noun, ''le mourir'' (late 12th century).^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 881 – ''Morte'' in the ''Séquence de sainte Eulalie''.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 10th century – Intransitive ''murir'' in the ''Passion de Clermont''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – ''Se mourir'' of love, in the ''Roman d'Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – ''Morir de fain'' “to be starving”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1200 – Said of a plant.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1580 – Of a thing, in Montaigne.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1604 – ''Meurt-de-faim''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1671 – ''À mourir'' “to an extreme degree”, in Mme de Sévigné.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|die]], cease to live.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a plant or animal: to die.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To die out, fade, come to an end: ''Le jour meurt.''^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Mourir de'': to be dying of (hunger, boredom): ''mourir de faim'', ''mourir de rire''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''À mourir'': to an extreme degree: ''s'ennuyer à mourir''.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+ # ''(literary)'' ''Se mourir'': to be dying.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(religion)'' ''Mourir à'': to renounce: ''mourir au monde''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Le mourir'': the act or process of dying.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[meurt-de-faim]]

+ * [[mourant]]

+ * [[mouroir]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[mort]]

+ * [[mortel]]

+ * [[la|morior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}