juste French · revision 16333

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1120, Oxford Psalter|origins=la ius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʒyst/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''juste''' (plural justes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|iūstus|t=in accordance with law; just, right; proper]], derived from [[m|la|iūs|t=law, right]] (see [[jurer]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)^(FEW|5, 87b) Wiktionary notes that Old French also had a form “just”, which may have been inherited and later remodelled after Latin, and traces “iūstus” to [[itc-pro|*jowestos]].^(Wiktionary) Old French declined nominative “jus”, object “juste”.^(Littré 1873) The sense “accurate, exact” was already Latin: Caesar writes “iusta altitudo” “the required height”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[it|giusto]], [[es|justo]] and [[pro|just]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 1120 in the Oxford Psalter in a religious sense, “in accordance with the justice of God”: ''la juste veie'' “the right way”; the noun ''juste'' “one who does God's will” appears in the same text.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word belonged first to the language of law and religion, and became secular in the 13th century, for a person who acts justly and for what conforms to law or rule (1283).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The moral sense “well-founded” followed, as in ''à juste titre'' (about 1470).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ From the late 14th century it expressed exactness: of a garment that fits well (second half of the 14th century), of an exact measure (1484), then of what conforms to reason and truth (1595, Montaigne), of what is exact or fitting (1668) and of a sound judgment (1671).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Le juste milieu'' (Pascal, 1657–1662) became a political term for the moderate government of Louis-Philippe (1831).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From “exactly enough” came “barely enough” in the 17th century (1625), and a ''vêtement juste'' became a tight one.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ The adverb dates from the 17th century, “accurately” and “precisely” (1637), and since the 19th century “too tightly”, ''au juste'' dates from before 1787 and ''comme de juste'' from 1808.^(DHLF 1992) The derivative [[justesse]] appears in 1611 and [[ajuster]] in 1265.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1120 – ''Juste'' in the Oxford Psalter.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1283 – “In accordance with the law”, in Beaumanoir.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1470 – ''À juste titre''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1484 – “Exact”, of a measure.^(TLFi)

+ * 1595 – “In accordance with reason”, in Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – ''Justesse''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1625 – “Barely sufficient”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1637 – Adverb ''juste'' “precisely”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1808 – ''Comme de juste''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|just|alt=Just]], [[m|en|fair]]: ''un professeur sévère mais juste''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Justified, legitimate: ''une juste colère'', ''à juste titre''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Accurate, exact, right: ''le mot juste'', ''l'heure juste''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # Sound in judgment: ''un esprit juste''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(music)'' In tune; of an interval, perfect.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Tight; barely enough: ''Cette veste est un peu juste'', ''C'est juste.''^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A righteous person: ''dormir du sommeil du juste''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Rightly, accurately: ''chanter juste'', ''viser juste''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Exactly, precisely: ''à midi juste'', ''juste à temps''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Only just, barely; too tightly.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Au juste'': exactly, ''comme de juste'': of course.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[justement]]

+ * [[justesse]]

+ * [[ajuster]]

+ * [[justaucorps]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[justice]]

+ * [[la|iūstus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}