appeler French · revision 16301

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1080, Chanson de Roland|origins=la pellō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.p(ə).le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''appeler'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|apeler]].^(GLLF 1989)^(AND)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is an early borrowing, [[bor|la|appellō|t=to address, call upon; to name; to appeal]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|25, 28a) The Latin verb was formed with [[m|la|ad-]] from a verb “*pellāre”, a variant of [[m|la|pellō|t=to push, drive]], so that it first meant “to go up to someone to speak to them”; compare [[interpeller]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) Littré took the unattested “pellāre” to mean “to speak”.^(Littré 1873) In Latin it also meant “to name” and, in law, “to appeal”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|appellare]], [[pro|apelar]] and [[es|apelar]].^(REW 1935)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (1080) in the sense “to call someone (to come)”: ''Dist Blancandrins : apelez le franceis'' “Blancandrin said: call the Frenchman”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The first sense was “to address someone, by a cry or by words”, then “to call by name” (13th century).^(DHLF 1992) In the 12th century it meant “to invoke (God, the saints)” and “to call someone to come” (about 1160), as one calls a doctor; one also calls with a gesture or the eyes (1528) and today by telephone.^(DHLF 1992) ''Appeler au secours'' dates from 1690, after ''à son secours'' (1538).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From “to call by name” came “to name” (12th century), and ''s'appeler'' “to be called” (14th century); ''cela s'appelle…'', “that is what one calls…”, dates from the 16th century.^(DHLF 1992) Legal and military senses followed: “to summon before a judge” (14th century), ''en appeler'' “to appeal to a higher court” (1270), ''appeler sous les drapeaux'' (1835).^(DHLF 1992) The feudal sense “to challenge” (12th century) has disappeared.^(DHLF 1992) The derivative [[appel]] passed into English as [[m|en|appeal]] in the 13th century.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1080 – ''Apeler'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1160 – “To call (someone) to come”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1270 – ''En appeler'' “to appeal to a higher court”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 14th century – ''S'appeler'' “to be called”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1528 – To call by a gesture or with the eyes.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1678 – ''Appeler les choses par leur nom'' in La Fontaine.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – ''Appeler au secours''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1835 – ''Appeler sous les drapeaux''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To call, call out to someone to come or to attract their attention: ''appeler son chien'', ''appeler au secours''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To call, [[m|en|phone]]: ''Je vous appellerai demain.''^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To send for, [[m|en|summon]]: ''appeler le médecin''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To name, call: ''On l'appelle Jean'', ''appeler les choses par leur nom''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''S'appeler'': to be called: ''Je m'appelle Marie.''^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To call up for military service.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To call for, require: ''Son attitude appelle une réponse.''^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''En appeler à'': to [[m|en|appeal]] to.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[appelable]]

+ * [[appel]]

+ * [[appeau]]

+ * [[appeleur]]

+ * [[rappeler]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[interpeller]]

+ * [[la|appellō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}