sortir French · revision 16297

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1145, Wace, Conception Nostre Dame|origins=la sors}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɔʁ.tiʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sortir'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|sortir]], probably [[inh|la|sortior|t=to cast lots; to obtain by lot; to choose]], from [[m|la|sors|t=lot]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi)^(FEW|12, 126a) The sense “to go from inside to outside” may have grown out of the past participle “sortītus” “designated by lot”, hence “escaping” and “appearing outside”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Ménage and Diez, followed by Littré, derived the verb of movement instead from a Vulgar Latin “*surctus” or “*surrectīre”, from “surrectus”, participle of [[m|la|surgō|t=to rise, spring up]], which suits [[es|surtir|t=to spurt]] but, as Rey and Bloch and Wartburg object, does not explain the French /o/, Wiktionary combines the two, deriving the word from “sortīrī” with influence of “surrectus”.^(Littré 1873)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary) The Grand Robert, like Littré, separates a legal “sortir” “to obtain” from the verb of movement.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ As a verb of movement “sortir” was rare before the 16th century; it then replaced Old French [[m|fro|issir]] (see [[issue]]).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992) Compare [[it|sortire]].^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 1145 in Wace with the Latin sense “to decide”, and about 1160 for “to decide by lot”; in the 12th century it also meant “to escape” (''de la mort puisse sortir'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old and Middle French kept the senses of the Latin verb: “to cast lots, predict” (1155), “to choose” (about 1170) and “to allot” (about 1330).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The legal sense “to obtain”, as in ''sortir son plein effet'', survives from 1395.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ The sense of movement appears about 1150 in ''sortir de la mort'' “to escape death” and about 1175 for leaving a place; the derivative [[ressortir]] already meant “to rebound” in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) ''Sortir de prison'' is found in 1553 and ''sortir les pieds devant'' “to be carried out dead” in 1623.^(TLFi) Transitive uses followed: “to put something out” (1611), “to take (a horse) out” (1596) and a person for a walk (1788), and familiarly “to come out with (a remark)” (1903) and “to bring out (a product)” (1938).^(TLFi) The infinitive used as a noun gave ''au sortir de'' (1559).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1145 – “To decide”, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1155 – “To cast lots, predict”, in Wace's ''Brut''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1150 – ''Sortir de la mort'' “to escape death”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1175 – “To go out of a place”, in Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)

+ * 1400 – The noun ''sortie''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1559 – ''Au sortir de''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1611 – Transitive “to put out”, in Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1903 – “To come out with (a remark)”, in Colette.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To go out, come out, [[m|en|leave]]: ''sortir de la maison'', ''sortir de prison''.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # To go out (for amusement): ''sortir le soir'', ''sortir avec quelqu'un'', to go out with, date someone.^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To get out of a state or situation: ''sortir d'une maladie'', ''s'en sortir'', to pull through.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To come out, appear: ''Le livre sortira en mai.''^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To take out, bring out: ''sortir la voiture du garage''; to take (a person, a dog) out.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' To come out with, say: ''Qu'est-ce qu'il nous a sorti ?''^(TLFi)

+ # To produce, put on the market.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(law)'' ''Sortir son effet'': to take effect.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Au sortir de'': on coming out of, at the end of: ''au sortir de l'hiver''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ressortir]]

+ * [[sortie]]

+ * [[sortable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[partir]]

+ * [[issue]]

+ * [[sort]]

+ * [[la|sortior]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}