chez French · revision 16294

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1130–1160, Couronnement de Louis|origins=la casa}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃe/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ʃe.z‿/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chez'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|chiés]].^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|chiés]], [[inh|la|casa|t=house, hut]], with an irregular final that the TLFi and Rey explain by the word's unstressed position before a noun.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|2, 450b) The FEW also considers a rare Latin form “casus”, a blend of “casa” with “domus” or “mansus”, which Rey thinks unnecessary, Wiktionary mentions a Proto-Romance dative-genitive “case”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) Bloch and Wartburg and the GLLF derive it from phrases such as Old French “en chies”, popular Latin “in casa” “in the house”, but the TLFi notes that “enchiés” is not found before the early 13th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) The Grand Robert gives Old French [[m|fro|chiese|t=house]].^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Similar prepositions are Old Spanish “en cas de” and Languedocian “a co de”, Picard and Walloon made a preposition “mon” from phrases with “maison”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) “Chez” is a doublet of [[case]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the ''Couronnement de Louis'' (1130–1160): ''chiés Simon'' “at Simon's house”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From “in the house of” it came to mean “in the country of” (1680–1681) and “among a group of people” and “in the time of” (1694, Académie).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The figurative ''chez Plutarque'' “in the work of Plutarch” (1580, Montaigne) was condemned by Vaugelas but has spread; the sense “in the mind of” (before 1592) has disappeared.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''De chez'' is found from 1195.^(TLFi)

+

+ In many regions, and in Switzerland and Quebec, ''chez'' with a surname means “the family so-and-so”, ''bien de chez nous'' means “authentic, typically French”, and ''nul de chez nul'' is a jocular intensive.^(DHLF 1992) The noun [[chez-soi]] dates from the 17th century (1690–1694).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) English has used ''chez'' with French names, “at the house of”, since 1740.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1130–1160 – ''Chiés Simon'' in the ''Couronnement de Louis''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1195 – ''De chiés''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – ''Chez Plutarque'' “in Plutarch's work”, in Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1647 – Vaugelas condemns that use.^(TLFi)

+ * 1681 – “In the country of”, in Bossuet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – “Among; in the time of”, in the Académie dictionary.^(TLFi)

+ * 1740 – First use in English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # At or to the home of: ''Venez chez moi'', ''rentrer chez soi''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # At or to the shop or practice of: ''aller chez le coiffeur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # In the country of, among: ''chez les Anglais''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # In the person, character or kind of: ''chez l'homme'', ''chez les ruminants''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # In the work of: ''chez Mallarmé''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Chez nous'': in our country or region, ''bien de chez nous'', typically French.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(regional, Switzerland, Quebec)'' With a surname: the family of.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chez-soi]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[case]]

+ * [[la|casa]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}