puis French · revision 16292

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=la post}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pɥi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''puis'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|pois]] and [[m|fro|puis]].^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*postius|t=afterwards]], a remaking of [[la|post|t=after, behind]] or of [[m|la|posteā|t=afterwards]] on the model of [[m|la|melius|t=better]]; in the same way “*antius” gave Old French [[m|fro|ainz|t=before]] (see [[aîné]]).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|9, 241b) “Posteā” itself survives in [[it|poscia]] and [[pro|poissas]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Wiktionary compares [[pt|pois]], [[es|pues]], [[it|poi]] and [[ro|apoi]].^(Wiktionary) In Old French “puis” was also a preposition meaning “since” (about 1050 to the 16th century), the basis of [[depuis]] and [[puisque]].^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 1050 in the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' in the sense “afterwards, later”.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Like the Latin word, ''puis'' marks succession in time.^(DHLF 1992) The redundant ''puis après'' (late 12th century) was still current in the 17th century and survives in dialects, and in the French of Savoy, Isère and Drôme ''puis'' strengthens a statement (''c'est puis trop cher'').^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) It also marks succession in space as seen by an observer (about 1160) and introduces a new item in a list (before 1207).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ''Et puis'' (about 1160) sets off the next act or circumstance; from the late 16th century it introduces an additional reason, and in 1660 a restriction.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Et puis ?'' asks what happened next or expresses doubt (1636).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Puis'' “afterwards” in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – ''Et puis'', and spatial succession, in Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Late 12th century – ''Puis après''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * Before 1207 – Introducing an item in a list, in Villehardouin.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1464 – ''Et puis'' as an exclamation, in ''Pathelin''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1636 – ''Et puis ?''^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|then|alt=Then]], next, afterwards: ''Il s'y prit mal, puis un peu mieux, puis bien.''^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Further on, in space: ''À gauche, la halle aux blés, puis le marché.''^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Et puis'': and then; introducing the last item of a list.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Et puis'': besides, what is more.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Et puis ?'': and then?, so what?^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # And.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[depuis]]

+ * [[puisque]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|post]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}