rester French · revision 16282

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1174–1176, Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence|origins=la stō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁɛs.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rester'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|restō|t=to stop; to persist; to be left over]], formed with the intensive prefix [[m|la|re-]] from [[m|la|stō|t=to stand]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|10, 316b) The keeping of /st/, which a word inherited by the popular route would have reduced (to give “*rêter”), speaks for the borrowing, Wiktionary allows that it may be inherited and reshaped after Latin, and Meyer-Lübke lists it as taken from [[it|restare]].^(Wiktionary)^(REW 1935) Latin “stāre” also supplied some forms of [[être]] (“étant”, ''j'étais'').^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|restare]], [[oc|restar]], [[ca|restar]] and [[es|restar]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence's ''Vie de saint Thomas'' (1174–1176) in the sense “to stop”, and about 1180 in Marie de France meaning “to stay in the same place”.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the start it meant “to stay where one is”, competing with Old French [[m|fro|remanoir]], and “to stop on the way”, literally and figuratively, as in ''rester court'' (1559) and ''en rester là'' (1754).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Y rester'' (1585) is a euphemism for “to die”, like ''rester sur le carreau'' (1771).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) From about 1240 it also meant “to remain in a position”, and, from 1671 “to continue in a state”.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ In the 17th century it took the senses “to be left” (''il reste à'', 1580) and “to be still alive” (1604), and in the 18th “to endure in memory” (1773).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The sense “to live, reside” (1647) was branded a Gascon usage in the 18th century, but it is common in many regions and in Belgian, Quebec, Lebanese and African French.^(DHLF 1992) The exclamation ''J'y suis, j'y reste !'' is attributed to Mac-Mahon after the taking of the Malakoff fort in 1855.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1174–1176 – “To stop”, in Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1180 – “To stay in the same place”, in Marie de France.^(TLFi)

+ * 1382 – ''Rester à payer''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1585 – ''Y rester'' “to die”, in Noël du Fail.^(TLFi)

+ * 1647 – “To live, reside”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1754 – ''En rester là'' in Voltaire.^(TLFi)

+ * 1855 – ''J'y suis, j'y reste !'', attributed to Mac-Mahon.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1936 – ''Reste que'' “the fact remains that”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|stay]], remain in a place: ''rester chez soi'', ''rester au lit''.^(Le Robert)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To remain in a state: ''rester calme'', ''rester debout''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be left over: ''Il reste du pain'', ''reste à savoir…'', it remains to be seen.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To endure, last: ''Son œuvre restera.''^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Y rester'': to [[m|en|die]].^(Le Robert)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''En rester là'': to stop there, go no further.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(regional, Belgium, Quebec, Africa)'' To live, reside.^(DHLF 1992)^(Le Robert)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[restant]]

+ * [[reste]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|restō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Rester'' is now conjugated with ''être''; it formerly also took ''avoir'', which Littré still allows when the subject is no longer in the place spoken of (''il a resté deux jours à Lyon'').^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}