regarder French · revision 16274

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=8th century, Reichenau Glosses|origins=frk *wardōn}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.ɡaʁ.de/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ʁɡaʁ.de/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''regarder'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|fro|re-|garder]], [[garder]] having the old sense “to watch, look at”; the prefix marks both a movement back and repetition.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|17, 510a) The Reichenau Glosses (8th century) already render Latin “respectant” “they look back” by “reuuardant”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) Old French also had “reswarder” (about 980) and “resgarder” (about 1175), formed from the verb [[m|fro|esgarder|t=to look at, watch over]] (see [[égard]]), and other derivatives of “garder” such as [[m|fro|agarder]], “regarder” replaced them all.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ “Garder” comes from the Germanic verb [[frk|*wardōn]], related to [[de|warten]] and [[en|ward]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935) Cognate with [[it|riguardare]] and [[oc|regardar]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in a full text about 1100 in the ''Chanson de Roland'', meaning “to direct one's gaze at”: ''Quant l'ot li reis, fierement le regarde'' “when the king heard it, he looked at him fiercely”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in Old French the verb took an intellectual and moral sense, “to pay heed to, take into account”, first as ''regarder à'' (first half of the 12th century) and then transitively (1188).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) With a thing as subject it meant “to concern” (late 12th century), and of a building “to face” (1329).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Regarder comme'' “to consider as” (1642) displaced ''regarder en'' and ''regarder pour''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Many phrases describe the look: ''regarder quelqu'un en face'' (late 15th century), ''de haut en bas'' (1690), ''de travers'' (1671), ''sous le nez'' (1690); ''regarder à la dépense'' “to be careful with money” (1559) explains the adjective [[regardant]].^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Belgian French says ''regarder après'' for “to look after”.^(DHLF 1992) The reflexive meant “to look around oneself” about 1118, then “to look at oneself in a mirror” (about 1480) and, reciprocally, “to look at one another” (1690).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – ''Reuuardant'' in the Reichenau Glosses.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – “To look at” in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1120 – ''Regarder à'' “to pay attention to”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Late 12th century – “To concern”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1329 – Of a building, “to face”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1480 – ''Se regarder'' in a mirror, in Coquillart.^(TLFi)

+ * 1531 – ''Regardez-y à deux fois'' in Robert Estienne's dictionary.^(BHVF)

+ * 1642 – ''Regarder comme'' “to consider as”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1671 – ''Regarder de travers''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To look at, direct one's eyes at: ''regarder le paysage'', ''regarder par la fenêtre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # To [[m|en|watch]] (a show, a film, television).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To consider, [[m|en|examine]]: ''regarder les choses en face''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''Regarder comme'': to regard as, consider to be.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Of a matter: to [[m|en|concern]]: ''Ça ne te regarde pas.''^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of a building: to [[m|en|face]], look onto: ''une maison qui regarde la mer''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Regarder à'': to pay attention to, be careful about: ''regarder à la dépense''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Se regarder'': to look at oneself, or at one another.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[regard]]

+ * [[regardant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[garder]]

+ * [[égard]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}