grand French · revision 16271
18 Oct 2026, 05:10 by bogdan “French entries batch 1 (fr10k): pourquoi, jamais, aimer, jour, dont, penser, regarder, laisser, toujours, grand” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 881, Séquence de sainte Eulalie|origins=la grandis}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ɡʁɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA: /ɡʁɑ̃.t‿/^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''grand''' (feminine grande, masculine plural grands, feminine plural grandes)^(Wiktionary)
+ Old French [[m|fro|grant]], one form for both genders; hence the apostrophe of ''grand'mère'', written ''grand-mère'' by the Académie since 1932.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[inh|fro|grant]], [[inh|la|grandis|t=big, large; advanced in age, (of style) lofty]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|4, 219a) “Grandis”, which has no known origin, was more common in spoken Latin than [[m|la|magnus]], and it ousted “magnus” in most of the Romance languages.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935) Since the Latin adjective had a single form for both genders, so did Old French “grant”; the feminine “grande” was formed later by analogy.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The title ''Grand d'Espagne'' was taken from [[es|Grande (de España)]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+
+ Cognate with [[it|grande]], [[oc|gran]], [[ca|gran]], [[es|grande]] and [[pt|grande]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is first found about 881 in the ''Séquence de sainte Eulalie'', in an abstract sense: ''grand honestet'' “great honour”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ The abstract sense came first, followed by “of high rank” (1130–1140); a noble or powerful person became ''un grand'' about 1500.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The concrete sense “taller or larger than average” is found in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100), together with “large in number or extent”.^(TLFi) As in Latin, ''grand'' also meant “older”: ''li grant'' “the grown-ups” (about 1050) survives in ''grande personne'' and in [[grand-père]] and [[grand-mère]], which since the 12th century have gradually replaced [[aïeul]].^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)
+
+ ''Grand'' became a sort of superlative (''un grand sot'', 1611) and was attached to names (''le grand Corneille'', ''Louis le Grand'', late 17th century).^(DHLF 1992) In the 20th century ''les Grands'' named the great powers (''les quatre Grands'', 1944).^(DHLF 1992) In Swiss French it is used as an adverb meaning “very” (''il fait grand beau''), and in African French ''les grands'' are the notables, the powerful.^(DHLF 1992)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 881 – ''Grand honestet'' in the ''Séquence de sainte Eulalie''.^(TLFi)
+ * c. 1050 – ''Li grant'' “the grown-ups”, in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)
+ * c. 1100 – “Tall, big” in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)
+ * 1130–1140 – “Of high rank”, in Wace.^(TLFi)
+ * c. 1500 – ''Les grands'' “people of high rank”, in Commynes.^(TLFi)
+ * Before 1646 – ''Grands d'Espagne''.^(TLFi)
+ * 1671 – ''En grand'' “on a large scale”.^(TLFi)
+ * 1932 – The Académie writes ''grand-mère'' with a hyphen.^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1944 – ''Les quatre Grands'', the great powers.^(DHLF 1992)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adjective===
+ # [[m|en|tall|alt=Tall]]: ''un homme grand et mince''.^(Le Robert)^(Wiktionary)
+ # [[m|en|big|alt=Big]], large in size or extent: ''une grande ville''.^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Grown-up, older: ''une grande personne'', ''mon grand frère''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Le Robert)
+ # Great in number, quantity or intensity: ''un grand bruit'', ''un grand froid''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)
+ # Great, important, eminent: ''un grand écrivain'', ''Alexandre le Grand''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)
+ # Noble, generous: ''une grande âme''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)
+ # As an intensifier: ''un grand sot''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ===Noun===
+ # An older pupil; an adult, as opposed to a child: ''la cour des grands''.^(GLLF 1989)
+ # A person of high rank, a powerful person, ''les Grands'', the great [[m|en|power|alt=powers]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)
+ # ''Grand d'Espagne'': a member of the highest Spanish nobility.^(Larousse)
+ # ''En grand'': on a large scale.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)
+
+ ===Adverb===
+ # ''Voir grand'': to plan on a large scale, ''ouvrir grand'': to open wide, ''grand ouvert'', wide open.^(Larousse)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[grand-]]
+ * [[grand-duc]]
+ * [[grandeur]]
+ * [[grandelet]]
+ * [[grandir]]
+ * [[agrandir]]
+ * [[agrandissement]]
+ * [[grand-père]]
+ * [[grand-mère]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[la|grandis]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}