moi French · revision 16270

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=842, Serments de Strasbourg|origins=la ego}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /mwa/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /mwe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''moi'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|mi]] (842), [[m|fro|mei]] (1080), ''moi'' (about 1150).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|mei]], [[inh|la|ego|alt=mē|t=me]], in stressed position; the same pronoun unstressed gave [[me]].^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|6/1, 565b)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) Latin “mē” is the accusative of [[m|la|ego|t=I]] and belongs to a group of Indo-European personal pronouns that includes [[ga|mé]], [[grc|ἐμέ|tr=emé]], [[sa|मा|tr=mā]], [[cu|мѧ|tr=mę]] and [[got|𐌼𐌹𐌺|tr=mik]].^(DHLF 1992) Littré instead derived it from the dative [[m|la|ego|alt=mihi]], arguing that the old forms “mei”, “mi” exclude the accusative.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[nrf|mei]] and [[pcd|moè]], from Old French.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Strasbourg Oaths (842) have ''mi'', stressed, for contrast: ''in o quid il mi altresi fazet'' “provided that he does the same for me”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a personal pronoun ''moi'' had all its uses from Old French on.^(DHLF 1992) The strengthened ''moi-même'' is found from 1080 (''mei meïsme''), and ''un autre moi-même'' “someone exactly like me” from 1564.^(DHLF 1992) The noun ''le moi'' “what makes up a person's individuality” appears in 1581; in the 17th century it took the sense of self-centred personality, as in Pascal's ''le moi est haïssable'', and Descartes (1640) defined it as the thinking subject.^(DHLF 1992) In psychoanalysis it has translated the ''ego'' since about 1900.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 842 – ''Mi'' in the Strasbourg Oaths.^(TLFi)

+ * 1080 – ''Mei'' and ''mei meïsme'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1150 – The form ''moi''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1581 – ''Le moi'' as a noun.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1640 – Descartes uses it for the thinking subject.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1900 – ''Moi'' in psychoanalysis.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # [[m|en|me]]: stressed form of the first person singular, after a preposition or an imperative: ''avec moi'', ''regarde-moi''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # I, me: for emphasis, beside or in place of ''je'': ''moi, je reste'', ''c'est moi''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''À moi'': mine: ''ce livre est à moi'', ''à moi !'' “help!”.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(philosophy)'' The [[m|en|self]], the thinking subject.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(psychoanalysis)'' The [[m|en|ego]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[moi-même]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[me]]

+ * [[mon]]

+ * [[la|ego]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}