non French · revision 16267

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=842, Serments de Strasbourg|origins=la nōn}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /nɔ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''non'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|non]], [[inh|la|nōn|t=not]], in stressed position; unstressed, the same word gave [[ne]].^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|7, 183a)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In Latin “nōn” is a strengthened form of the negation [[m|la|ne]] with the neuter of [[m|la|ūnus|t=one]], Old Latin “oinom”, as the archaic forms “noenum”, “noenu” show; the same kind of formation gave [[m|la|nūllus]] (whence [[nul]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) The Indo-European negation [[ine-pro|*ne]] is also behind [[sa|न|tr=ná]], [[en|not]] and [[de|nicht]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|nu]], [[it|no]], [[oc|non]], [[es|no]] and [[pt|não]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Strasbourg Oaths (842) have ''non'' still in the weak role of ''ne'' before the verb; the modern stressed use, negating a word other than the verb, is found in the second half of the 10th century: ''Enviz lo fist, non voluntiers'' “he did it reluctantly, not willingly”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The main uses of the adverb were fixed before the end of the 13th century.^(DHLF 1992) As a negative answer and in ''ne dire ni oui ni non'' it is found in the 12th century.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) ''Non pas'' dates from 1188 and ''non mie'' from 1176–81.^(TLFi) ''Non pas que'' + subjunctive is a 14th-century phrase.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Non plus'' (1458) and ''non seulement… mais'' (before 1553) followed.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Before nouns, adjectives and participles ''non'' acts as a negative prefix (''nonpöant'', 1121–34), a use that has given many compounds such as ''non-lieu'' (1868).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In dialects it competed with ''néant'' and ''nennil''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 842 – ''Non'' in the Strasbourg Oaths.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 2nd half of 10th century – ''Non'' negating a word, in the ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * 12th century – ''Non'' as an answer.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1188 – ''Non pas''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1458 – ''Non plus''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1868 – ''Non-lieu''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|no]]: a negative answer or refusal: ''non, merci''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Not: negates a word or phrase: ''non loin d'ici'', ''non pas lui, mais elle''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Isn't it?, right?: at the end of a question: ''c'est ça, non ?''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Non plus'': neither, either: ''moi non plus''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Non-: as a prefix before nouns and adjectives: ''non-violence'', ''non-lieu''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(invariable)'' A no: ''un non catégorique''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ne]]

+ * [[nenni]]

+ * [[nul]]

+ * [[sinon]]

+ * [[la|nōn]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}