autre French · revision 16252

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century|origins=la alter}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /otʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): [ou̯tʁ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [ɔt(ɾ)]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''autre''' (plural autres)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|altre]] (late 10th century), feminine ''altra'' (about 1040); ''aultre'' in Middle French, pronounced ''outre'' according to Palsgrave.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873) The old oblique form was [[autrui]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|altre]], [[inh|la|alter|alt=alterum|t=the other (of two)]].^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|24, 353a)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) Late Latin gave up the classical distinction between [[m|la|alius|t=another]] and “alter” “the other of two”, eliminating “alius”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) “Alter” is formed with the suffix “-tero-” (as in [[m|la|uter|t=which of two]]) on the same stem “al-” as “alius” and [[m|la|aliēnus]]; this combination is Indo-European, as in [[grc|ἕτερος|tr=héteros]], [[got|𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂|tr=anþar]] and [[sa|अन्य|tr=anyá]], except for the “l”, which is Italic.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) The Petit Robert compares [[br|eil|t=second]] and [[en|else]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|alt]], [[it|altro]], [[ca|altre]], [[es|otro]] and [[pt|outro]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ ''Altre'' is first a pronoun, at the end of the 10th century, meaning “the rest” and ''l'altre'' “the second, the next”; as an adjective, ''altra'', ''altre'' are found about 1040 in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adjective ''autre'' was used as an epithet and as an attribute (''estre altre'' “to be different”) from about 1040.^(DHLF 1992) Phrases followed: ''d'autre part'' (1080), ''autre chose'' (1220) and ''un autre soi-même'' (Oresme, 1370).^(DHLF 1992) ''Les autres'' meant “one's neighbour, other people” from the end of the 15th century.^(DHLF 1992) After ''nous'' and ''vous'' the adjective only strengthens them (''nous autres'').^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Its derivatives are [[autrui]] (about 1080), formed like ''lui'', and ''altruisme'' (1830), coined from Latin ''alter'' by Auguste Comte or Andrieux.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * late 10th century – ''Altre'' as a pronoun.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * c. 1040 – As an adjective, in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1080 – ''D'altre part''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1080 – ''Autrui''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1220 – ''Autre chose''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1830 – ''Altruisme''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|other]], different: ''l'autre porte'', ''un autre jour'', ''être autre'', to be different.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Another, a second (of resemblance): ''c'est un autre Machiavel''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Autre part'': elsewhere, ''d'autre part'': on the other hand.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''L'autre jour'': the other day, recently.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # After ''nous'', ''vous'': ''nous autres'', we (as opposed to others).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # ''Un autre'', ''l'autre'': another one, the other one, ''les autres'': other people.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''L'un… l'autre'': the one … the other, ''l'un l'autre'': each other.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[autrui]]

+ * [[altruisme]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[altérer]]

+ * [[aussi]]

+ * [[la|alter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}